International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 101-111 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 109 8.2 Policy and regulatory challenges Policy and regulatory frameworks must evolve to keep pace with technological advancements in ecosystem monitoring. The application of new technologies such as smart buoy networks, autonomous underwater vehicles, and multi-sensor microsystems necessitates updated regulations to ensure their effective and ethical use (Glaviano et al., 2022). Additionally, the integration of ecosystem metabolism data into regulatory settings requires overcoming historical logistical and conceptual limitations. There is also a need for policies that support the sustainable management of aquatic plants, which are threatened by land-use changes, modified water regimes, and climate warming (Cherry and Pec, 2022). Ensuring that monitoring and assessment methods align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) further complicates the regulatory landscape. 8.3 Opportunities for improvement and innovation Despite these challenges, there are significant opportunities for improvement and innovation in monitoring and managing aquatic ecosystem health. The use of IoT technology, combined with machine learning algorithms, offers a promising approach to enhance data accuracy and system reliability. The development of smart monitoring devices, such as drones, can provide high-resolution data with minimal disturbance to wildlife, thereby improving the quality and frequency of ecosystem health assessments (McIntosh et al., 2018). Additionally, the integration of multi-community monitoring and assessment methods can support sustainable water management and contribute to the achievement of multiple SDGs (Glaviano et al., 2022). Advances in artificial intelligence and deep learning also present opportunities to address the data analysis bottleneck, enabling more effective use of the vast amounts of data collected. These innovations hold the potential to transform the monitoring and management of aquatic ecosystems, ensuring their long-term health and sustainability. 9 Concluding Remarks The systematic review of recent advancements in monitoring and managing aquatic ecosystem health highlights several key findings. Firstly, the integration of multi-community monitoring and assessment methods has proven essential for sustainable water management and the achievement of various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)1. Biological monitoring, particularly using macroinvertebrates, has been effective in assessing ecosystem health and pesticide pollution. Advances in high-frequency environmental sensing and statistical approaches have expanded the application of aquatic ecosystem metabolism in environmental management. Technological innovations, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart monitoring devices, have significantly enhanced the precision and scope of aquatic ecosystem monitoring. The One Health approach, combined with statistical analysis, offers a comprehensive framework for managing trace metal contamination and promoting sustainable interactions between human and environmental health. Additionally, environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a powerful tool for biodiversity monitoring, enabling the detection and quantification of various species. Finally, integrated assessment frameworks using multiple indicator species provide a more holistic view of ecosystem health, reducing uncertainties associated with single-community assessments. The importance of integrated approaches in monitoring and managing aquatic ecosystems cannot be overstated. By combining various monitoring methods, such as hydromorphological, physical-chemical, and biological assessments, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem health and its relation to SDGs. The use of multiple biological indicators, including macroinvertebrates, fish, and plankton, allows for a more nuanced assessment of ecosystem changes and human impacts. Technological advancements, such as IoT and smart monitoring devices, facilitate real-time data collection and analysis, enabling more responsive and adaptive management strategies. The One Health approach underscores the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, promoting integrated management practices that address multiple facets of ecosystem health. Furthermore, the application of eDNA and integrated assessment frameworks using multiple indicator species enhances the accuracy and reliability of ecosystem health evaluations, supporting more effective conservation and management efforts. Future research should focus on further developing and refining integrated monitoring and assessment methods to enhance their applicability and effectiveness in diverse aquatic ecosystems. This includes advancing the use of
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==