International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 101-111 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 101 Review and Progress Open Access Advances in Monitoring and Managing Aquatic Ecosystem Health: Integrating Technology and Policy Liting Wang Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding author: 1559260335@qq.com International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2 doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0012 Received: 08 Mar., 2024 Accepted: 12 Apr., 2024 Published: 26 Apr., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang L.T., 2024, Advances in monitoring and managing aquatic ecosystem health: integrating technology and policy, International Journal of Aquaculture, 14(2): 101-111 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0012) Abstract The The health of aquatic ecosystems is crucial for ecological balance and human well-being. This study explores recent advances in monitoring and managing aquatic ecosystem health, focusing on technological innovation and policy integration. It evaluates various advanced monitoring technologies, including remote sensing, IoT devices, biological monitoring methods, and big data analysis, applied to different water bodies such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands. These technologies provide comprehensive and detailed water quality data, enabling real-time monitoring and trend prediction. Additionally, the study analyzes the advantages and limitations of these technologies, such as high data acquisition costs, technical maintenance complexity, and data analysis bottlenecks. To address these challenges, it proposes enhancing monitoring and management efficiency through interdisciplinary collaboration and public participation. On the policy front, it discusses how sustainable water resource management can be achieved through legal frameworks, government-community cooperation, and international technological exchange. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating technology and policy and suggests future directions, including the development of cost-effective monitoring technologies, improvement of data analysis capabilities, and strengthening multi-stakeholder cooperation. This research provides a comprehensive reference framework for researchers and policymakers, aiming to promote the continuous development of aquatic ecosystem health monitoring and management. Keywords Aquatic ecosystems; Health monitoring; Management strategies; Remote sensing: IoT; Big data analysis; Policy integration; Sustainable development 1 Introduction Aquatic ecosystems, encompassing freshwater bodies such as rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal areas, are among the most diverse and productive environments on Earth. However, they are also some of the most threatened due to anthropogenic pressures, including pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. The health of these ecosystems is crucial not only for maintaining biodiversity but also for providing essential ecosystem services such as water purification, flood regulation, and recreational opportunities. Monitoring and managing the health of aquatic ecosystems have thus become imperative to ensure their sustainability and resilience (Schofield et al., 2018). The importance of monitoring and management in aquatic ecosystems cannot be overstated. Effective monitoring provides critical insights into the long-term changes and current status of these ecosystems, enabling the identification of emerging threats and the assessment of conservation efforts. Various methods have been developed for the hydromorphological, physical-chemical, and biological monitoring of surface waters, which are essential for sustainable water management and the achievement of global sustainability goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Forio and Goethals, 2020). Ecosystem-based management (EBM) approaches have also been advocated to integrate biodiversity conservation with ecosystem service provision, emphasizing the need for a holistic, social-ecological perspective in environmental management (Langhans et al., 2019). By synthesizing findings from multiple studies, this study highlights innovative monitoring techniques, such as the use of constructed treatment wetlands for enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services, and the concept of freshwater ecosystem mosaics (FEMs) that emphasize the connectivity and dynamic nature of aquatic habitats.
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