International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 91-100 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 95 et al., 2019; Bishayee et al., 2022). This makes lotus rhizome a valuable natural alternative for antimicrobial agents in both food preservation and medicinal applications. Figure 2 Heat map showing the distribution and concentration of phenolic compounds in five parts of lotus (Adopted from Zhu et al., 2022) Image caption: Brown boxes show that constructions are higher among five samples. Blue boxes indicate lower concentrations. FL: flavonoids and PA: phenolic acids. Fruit peel samples are mentioned in abbreviations. LR: lotus rhizome pulp; LRP, lotus rhizome peel; LRK, lotus rhizome knot; LSC, lotus seed cotyledon; and LSE, lotus seed embryo (Adopted from Zhu et al., 2022) The heat map adopted from Zhu et al. (2022) is divided into clusters that highlight the variation in phenolic content across different lotus parts: rhizome pulp (LR), rhizome peel (LRP), rhizome knot (LRK), seed cotyledon (LSC), and seed embryo (LSE). Notably, compounds like chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and gallic acid are more prevalent in certain parts, as evidenced by the darker brown shades, while others like catechin and epicatechin show varied distributions. This visualization provides a comprehensive overview of how phenolic compounds are distributed within the lotus plant, which can be crucial for understanding its nutritional and medicinal properties. 4.5 Other health benefits In addition to the aforementioned benefits, lotus rhizome offers a variety of other health-promoting effects. It has been found to possess anti-obesity properties, as evidenced by its ability to inhibit adipogenesis and reduce lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and animal models (He et al., 2022) (Figure 3). Furthermore, lotus rhizome exhibits neuroprotective effects, potentially aiding in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (Temviriyanukul et al., 2020). Its hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic activities also contribute to its overall health benefits, making it a versatile functional food and medicinal herb (Chen et al., 2019). The research of He et al. (2022) shows mice on the high-fat diet showed increased body weight, serum and liver cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, epididymal fat mass, fasting blood glucose, and insulin resistance. Conversely, the treatment group receiving FLLS-WEHI01 exhibited reductions in these parameters, indicating the compound's efficacy in mitigating the negative effects of a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, the diagram illustrates
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