International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 81-90 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 87 bass in the context of climate change can help develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of global warming on fisheries and aquaculture (White and Wahl, 2020). Figure 2 PCR amplification results of ID1, ID5, and ID8 in 5 NB, five FB, and five NF individuals, respectively (Adopted from Du et al., 2021) Image caption: M: DNA Marker DL 2 000; NB: Northern largemouth bass; FB: Florida largemouth bass; NF: the F1 hybrid of the Northern largemouth bass ♀×Florida largemouth bass ♂ (Adopted from Du et al., 2021) The PCR amplification results of ID1, ID5, and ID8 revealed genotypic differences among various largemouth bass individuals. By analyzing these genotypes, key genes related to growth rate can be identified. CRISPR technology can precisely target and edit these growth-related genes. For example, by deleting or knocking out genes that negatively regulate growth, or by inserting and activating gene fragments that promote growth, the growth and development of largemouth bass can be accelerated. Combined with the PCR amplification results, we can determine which genes exhibit significant differences among different individuals, thus serving as targets for CRISPR editing. Precise editing of these target genes can not only enhance the growth rate of largemouth bass but also improve their adaptability to the environment, ultimately achieving more efficient and sustainable aquaculture. 8 Challenges and Future Directions 8.1 Technical and methodological challenges One of the primary technical challenges in studying the genomic and developmental mechanisms underlying growth and environmental adaptation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is the complexity of their physiological responses to environmental stressors. For instance, the study on ammonia toxicity revealed that largemouth bass exhibit a range of physiological and molecular responses to high environmental ammonia (HEA), including changes in oxygen consumption, ion regulation, and gene expression (Egnew et al., 2019). This complexity necessitates advanced and precise methodologies to accurately measure and interpret these responses. Another challenge is the need for comprehensive and integrative approaches to study metabolic adaptations. The research on high-starch diets demonstrated that largemouth bass undergo significant metabolic changes, including alterations in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipid metabolism, which require sophisticated analytical techniques to monitor and understand (Chen et al., 2022). Additionally, the identification of biomarkers for environmental contaminants involves intricate proteomic analyses, as seen in the study where various proteins were differentially expressed in response to different contaminants (Sanchez et al., 2009).
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