International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 51-61 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 51 Research Perspective Open Access Molecular Breeding Techniques for Disease Resistance in Common Carp: Current Advances and Future Prospects Lingfei Jin , Yanhong Liu Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: lingfei.jin@jicat.org International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2 doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0007 Received: 11 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 20 Feb., 2024 Published: 12 Mar., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Jin and Liu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Jin L.F., and Liu Y.H., 2024, Molecular breeding techniques for disease resistance in common carp: current advances and future prospects, International Journal of Aquaculture, 14(2): 51-61 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0007) Abstract The fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish is of great importance in enhancing their nutritional value and human health. With the development of the aquaculture industry, researchers are increasingly focusing on how to optimize the fatty acid composition of fish through genetic and biochemical strategies. This study aims to explore the correlation between the fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish and human health. The study found that the fatty acid profiles of different fish are influenced by their diets, with marine fish generally having higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA, compared to freshwater fish. The type of feed used significantly affects the nutritional value of the fish, with sustainable feeds often resulting in lower levels of EPA and DHA. Selective breeding has shown potential to increase the levels of beneficial fatty acids in fish muscle, and alternative lipid sources such as microalgae and genetically modified crops may serve as future sources of essential fatty acids. The study indicates that both genetic and biochemical strategies can effectively enhance the fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish, thereby improving their nutritional value, which is significant for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This research aims to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for future studies and practical applications. Keywords Aquaculture fish; Fatty acid composition; Human health; Genetic strategies; Biochemical strategies 1 Introduction Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most widely cultivated fish species globally, valued for its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions and its significant role in aquaculture. Originating from Asia, common carp has been introduced to various parts of the world, becoming a staple in both commercial and subsistence fisheries. The species is known for its robust growth rates and ability to thrive in a range of aquatic habitats, making it a crucial component of freshwater aquaculture systems (Jeney et al., 2011). Disease resistance in common carp is of paramount importance due to the substantial economic losses caused by infectious diseases (Verma et al., 2021). Among the most significant pathogens affecting common carp are Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), and Aeromonas hydrophila. CyHV-3 is notorious for causing high mortality rates in both ornamental and food production carp, with outbreaks leading to severe economic impacts on the aquaculture industry (Rakus et al., 2012). Similarly, Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacterial pathogen that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in carp populations, further underscoring the need for disease-resistant strains (Jeney et al., 2011). Recent studies have highlighted the genetic basis of disease resistance in common carp, identifying specific genes and alleles associated with increased resistance to these pathogens. For instance, polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility (MH) class II B genes have been linked to varying levels of resistance to CyHV-3, suggesting that these genetic markers could be utilized in selective breeding programs to enhance disease resistance (Rakus et al., 2009). Additionally, differential gene expression analyses have provided insights into the immune responses of carp lines with varying susceptibility to CyHV-3, revealing potential targets for genetic improvement (Rakus et al., 2012). This study aims to integrate the latest advancements in molecular breeding techniques to enhance disease resistance in carp. By synthesizing recent research findings, it summarizes genetic markers and molecular
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==