International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 81-90 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 84 (Sanchez et al., 2009). These findings underscore the importance of combining genomic and developmental data to understand the complex adaptive mechanisms in largemouth bass. 5.2 Insights from integrated approaches Integrated approaches combining genomic and developmental data have yielded valuable insights into the metabolic adaptations of largemouth bass. For example, a study investigating the effects of high-starch (HS) diets on largemouth bass revealed that while short-term exposure to HS diets induced metabolic disorders, long-term exposure led to metabolic adaptation. This adaptation was associated with the up-regulation of genes related to bile acid synthesis, inflammation, and energy metabolism, indicating a self-repair response (Chen et al., 2022). These integrated studies highlight the dynamic nature of metabolic regulation and the ability of largemouth bass to adapt to dietary changes through coordinated genomic and developmental responses. 5.3 Case studies A study on the metabolic adaptation of largemouth bass to a high-starch (HS) diet conducted short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (8 weeks) feeding trials to explore the effects of low-starch (LS) and high-starch (HS) diets on the growth performance, metabolism, and liver health of largemouth bass. The results indicated that although short-term exposure leads to metabolic disturbances, long-term exposure results in the recovery of metabolic functions (Figure 1) (Chen et al., 2022). Chen et al. (2022) presented three typical liver tissue pathological phenotypes: no obvious abnormalities, nuclear crowding, and liver fibrosis. They summarized different liver phenotypes and glycogen accumulation conditions. The metabolic adaptation of largemouth bass liver to a high-starch diet is characterized by an increase in liver glycogen content, accompanied by enhanced inflammatory and apoptotic responses. The study indicates that largemouth bass experience metabolic disturbances when initially exposed to a high-starch diet, but can recover metabolic function through mechanisms such as upregulation of bile acid synthesis, inflammation, and energy metabolism genes over prolonged exposure. This suggests that the species has the ability to adapt to dietary changes through comprehensive genomic and developmental mechanisms, providing important insights into the metabolic adaptation of fish to dietary changes. Another comprehensive study on the effects of high environmental ammonia (HEA) on largemouth bass demonstrated the species' ability to adapt to sub-lethal ammonia concentrations over time. The study found that ammonia excretion rates were initially inhibited but later restored, accompanied by the up-regulation of Rhcg mRNA expression. Additionally, physiological parameters such as plasma ion concentrations and muscle water content were disrupted and subsequently recovered, indicating a complex interplay between genomic and physiological responses to environmental stress (Egnew et al., 2019). 6 Technological Advances and Methodologies 6.1 Genomic sequencing technologies Genomic sequencing technologies have revolutionized the study of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by providing comprehensive insights into their genetic makeup. High-throughput sequencing platforms, such as Illumina and PacBio, have enabled the generation of large-scale genomic data, facilitating the identification of genetic variations and adaptive traits. These technologies have been instrumental in understanding the genetic basis of growth, environmental adaptation, and resistance to pollutants in largemouth bass. For instance, the study on ammonia toxicity in largemouth bass utilized genomic tools to assess the expression of Rhesus glycoproteins, which play a crucial role in ammonia excretion and adaptation to high environmental ammonia (Egnew et al., 2019). 6.2 Transcriptomic and proteomic approaches Transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have provided valuable insights into the molecular responses of largemouth bass to environmental stressors. Transcriptomics, which involves the study of RNA transcripts, has been used to investigate the gene expression profiles under various conditions. For example, the study on
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