International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 40-50 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 40 Research Report Open Access Research on the Correlation Between Fatty Acid Composition of Aquaculture Fish and Human Health Fan Wang , Peiming Xu Aquatic Biology Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: fan.wang@cuixi.org International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0006 Received: 05 Jan., 2023 Accepted: 13 Feb., 2024 Published: 23 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wang and Xu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang F., and Xu P.M., 2024, Research on the correlation between fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish and human health, International Journal of Aquaculture, 14(1): 40-50 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2024.14.0006) Abstract The fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish is of great importance in enhancing their nutritional value and human health. With the development of the aquaculture industry, researchers are increasingly focusing on how to optimize the fatty acid composition of fish through genetic and biochemical strategies. This study aims to explore the correlation between the fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish and human health. The study found that the fatty acid profiles of different fish are influenced by their diets, with marine fish generally having higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA, compared to freshwater fish. The type of feed used significantly affects the nutritional value of the fish, with sustainable feeds often resulting in lower levels of EPA and DHA. Selective breeding has shown potential to increase the levels of beneficial fatty acids in fish muscle, and alternative lipid sources such as microalgae and genetically modified crops may serve as future sources of essential fatty acids. The study indicates that both genetic and biochemical strategies can effectively enhance the fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish, thereby improving their nutritional value, which is significant for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This research aims to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for future studies and practical applications. Keywords Aquaculture fish; Fatty acid composition; Human health; Genetic strategies; Biochemical strategies Fatty acids, particularly long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential components of a healthy diet. These fatty acids play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including the development and function of the brain and eyes, as well as the regulation of inflammation and cardiovascular health (Zheng et al., 2012; Tocher et al., 2019). The beneficial effects of marine n-3 PUFAs on mitigating pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have been well-documented (Zheng et al., 2012; Dvoretsky et al., 2022). Despite their importance, the global supply of these essential nutrients is insufficient to meet human nutritional requirements, necessitating the exploration of alternative sources (Tocher et al., 2019). Aquaculture fish have emerged as a significant source of LC-PUFAs, particularly EPA and DHA, for human consumption. The fatty acid composition of farmed fish is largely reflective of their diet, making it possible to tailor the fatty acid profiles of aquaculture fish through dietary modifications (Lei et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2020). Studies have shown that different fish species and their feeding habits significantly influence their fatty acid content, with some species exhibiting higher concentrations of beneficial fatty acids (Gladyshev et al., 2017; Dvoretsky et al., 2022). The ability to manipulate the diet of farmed fish to enhance their LC-PUFA content presents a valuable opportunity to address the gap between the supply and demand of these essential nutrients (Glencross, 2009; Tocher et al., 2019). This study aims to comprehensively analyze the correlation between the fatty acid composition of aquaculture fish and human health. By integrating data from multiple studies, it seeks to explore how dietary interventions in aquaculture can enhance the nutritional quality of farmed fish, thereby promoting human health (Glencross, 2009; Lei et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2020). Additionally, this study emphasizes the potential of aquaculture as a sustainable source of essential fatty acids to address the current challenges in meeting global nutritional needs (Tocher et al., 2019). It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide valuable references for stakeholders in the
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