IJA_2024v14n1

International Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 9-19 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 17 3.6 Data analysis The R statistical software (R Core Team, 2020) was used for data analysis. A log-rank test was used to compare the differences between the survival curves at different temperatures and densities. Comparisons were done for the time it took to attain 50% mortality. Regression analysis on log-transformed percent composition of essential fatty acids was performed to compare the differences between storage temperature and days. 4 Conclusion and Recommendation The survival of the Thermocyclop sp. decreased with time and changes in temperatures. More than 50% survival rate can be achieved for copepods stored at 8 °C and 12 °C 10 days after harvesting and storage. Thus, the organisms can be harvested, stored, and used to start new cultures with minimal costs of isolating and identifying a pure stock from the wild. Although the survival of Thermocyclop sp. is inversely proportional to the storage densities, the present study results showed that it’s possible to store copepods at 1000 individuals/L, with low mortality, for 14 days without feeding and achieve more than 50% survival rate. It is necessary to upscale such densities into the outdoor systems to maximize the production of the copepods while considering the quality of micro algae, water quality and aeration systems. The long-term exposure of Thermocyclop sp. to cold temperatures causes a significant increase in EPA. The HUFAs, such as AA and EPA, are highly conserved during starvation. This means the Thermocyclop sp. can be stored for future use, with no loss of their nutritional quality. Acknowledgments This research was funded by the government of Uganda through the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) and supported by the Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala - Uganda. Wanda Tony, Mwesigwa Tony and Kiganda Ivan are acknowledged for their field and laboratory assistance, respectively, provided during this study. The Department of Zoology, Entomology, and Fisheries Sciences, and the Department of Plant Sciences and Molecular Biology of Makerere University are acknowledged for availing space and equipment for the experimental setup. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abaho I., Bwanika G., Walekhwa P., Victor A., Arinaitwe I., and Kwetegyeka J., 2016, Fatty acid profiles and growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) larvae fed on freshwater rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) and Artemia as live starter feeds, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(1): 189-196. Abate T.G., Nielsen R., Nielsen M., Jepsen P.M., and Hansen B.W., 2016, A cost-effectiveness analysis of live feeds in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) farming: copepods versus Artemia, Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(4): 899-910. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12307 Alejos C.R.M., Gaspar R.W.A., Flores R.L., Ynga H.G.A., Ruiz S.A. and Nino V.A.F., 2022, Effect of time in culture on the fatty acid composition of copepods Tisbe sp. andApocyclops sp. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 53(2):475-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12827 Bai Z.A., and Wang M.H., 2020, Warmer temperature increases mercury toxicity in a marine copepod, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 201: 110861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110861 Beingana A., Kwikiriza G., Bwanika G., Abaho I. and Izaara A.A., 2016, Performance of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Clarridae) fry fed on live rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus), formulated diet and a mixture of rotifers and formulated diet, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies,4: 11-15. Cailleaud K., Maillet G., Budzinski H., Souissi S., and Forget-Leray J., 2007, Effects of salinity and temperature on the expression of enzymatic biomarkers in Eurytemora affinis (Calanoida, Copepoda), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 147(4): 841-849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.09.012 Camus T., Rolla L., Jiang J. and Zeng C., 2021, Effects of microalgal food quantity on several productivity-related parameters of the calanoid copepod Bestiolina similis (Calanoida: Paracalanidae), Frontiers in Marine Science, 8: 812240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.812240 Chepkwemoi P., Bwanika G.N., Kwetegyeka J., Mbahizireki G., Ndawula L., and Izaara A.A., 2013, Fatty acid profiles and growth of African catfish larvae fed on freshwater Cyclopoid copepods and Artemia as live starter feed, International Journal of Aquaculture, 3(22): 126-132. https://doi.org/10.5376/ija.2013.03.0022 Devreker D., Souissi S., Winkler G., Forget-Leray J., and Leboulenger F., 2009, Effects of salinity, temperature and individual variability on the reproduction of Eurytemora affinis (Copepoda; Calanoida) from the Seine estuary: a laboratory study, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 368(2): 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.015

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==