International Journal of Molecular Zoology, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 334-343 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 341 8 Concluding Remarks Genomic selection (GS) has revolutionized chicken breeding by leveraging high-density SNP panels to enhance the accuracy of breeding value predictions and reduce generation intervals. Traditional genetic improvement programs in poultry already benefit from short generation intervals, but GS has further optimized these processes, particularly in layers where some scope for shortening the generation interval exists. The implementation of GS has been facilitated by technological advancements such as single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP), which integrates genomic and pedigree data to provide accurate breeding values. Additionally, the identification of genomic regions under selection in various chicken breeds has provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of economically important traits, aiding in the development of more efficient breeding strategies. Continued innovation and research in GS are crucial for maintaining and enhancing the genetic progress in chicken breeding. The development of new genomic selection methods, such as the complementarity-based selection strategy (CBS), aims to balance short-term genetic gains with long-term genetic diversity and growth potential. Moreover, the integration of whole-genome sequence data and the exploration of multiple-trait genomic selection can further improve the accuracy and efficiency of breeding programs. Addressing challenges such as the reduction in genetic variances due to the Bulmer effect and the need for new validation procedures unaffected by selection will be essential for the sustained success of GS. Genomic selection holds transformative potential for sustainable poultry production by enabling more precise and efficient breeding practices. The ability to predict breeding values with high accuracy early in life allows for the selection of superior individuals, thereby accelerating genetic progress and improving productivity. The identification of key candidate genes and genomic regions under selection provides a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of important traits, facilitating targeted breeding efforts. As the poultry industry continues to adopt and refine GS technologies, the potential for sustainable and productive poultry production will be significantly enhanced, ensuring the long-term viability and success of the industry. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Yang for critically reading the manuscript and providing valuable feedback that improved the clarity of the text. We express our heartfelt gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdelmanova A., Dotsev A., Romanov M., Stanishevskaya O., Gladyr E., Rodionov A., Vetokh A., Volkova N., Fedorova E., Gusev I., Griffin D., Brem G., and Zinovieva N., 2021, Unveiling comparative genomic trajectories of selection and key candidate genes in egg-type russian white and meat-type white cornish chickens, Biology, 10(9): 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10090876 Athrey G., 2020, Poultry genetics and breeding, Animal Agriculture, 2020: 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817052-6.00018-5 Boschiero C., Moreira G., Gheyas A., Godoy T., Gasparin G., Mariani P., Paduan M., Cesar A., Ledur M., and Coutinho L., 2018, Genome-wide characterization of genetic variants and putative regions under selection in meat and egg-type chicken lines, BMC Genomics, 19: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4444-0 Chatterjee R., Bhattacharya T., and Paul S., 2019, Breeding poultry for improved input use efficiency and nutrient quality of products, Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 79(Sup-01): 204-207. https://doi.org/10.31742/ijgpb.79s.1.10 Doran T., Challagulla A., Cooper C., Tizard M., and Jenkins K., 2017, Genome editing in poultry-opportunities and impacts, National Institutes of Bioscience Journal, 1: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.2218/NATLINSTBIOSCI.1.2016.1742 Fulton J., and Wolc A., 2020, Application of genomic selection in commercial egg-type populations, Advances in Poultry Genetics and Genomics, 2020: 403-420. https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0065.21
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