International Journal of Molecular Zoology 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 255-264 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 262 7 Concluding Remarks The research on optimizing animal energy metabolism through nutritional strategies in agricultural production has yielded several key insights. Firstly, optimal nutrition is crucial for supporting the growth and development of farm animals, which in turn enhances productivity and efficiency. Genetic selection, nutrition, and management practices have significantly improved feed efficiency in dairy cows, with a focus on enhancing digestive and metabolic efficiency. Nutritional management during critical periods, such as the transition period in dairy cows, is essential for supporting metabolic adaptations and preventing metabolic dysfunction. Additionally, tailored nutritional strategies, such as the use of total mixed rations (TMR), have shown positive effects on milk output, metabolic status, and body condition score (BCS) in dairy cows. Nutritional interventions can also modulate gene expression and metabolic enzyme activity, thereby influencing meat and milk quality. Furthermore, specific nutritional strategies can reduce environmental emissions from nonruminants by enhancing nutrient utilization and minimizing nutrient excretion. Based on the findings, several recommendations for optimizing animal energy metabolism in agricultural practices can be made. First, implementing precision nutrition by developing feeding programs tailored to an animal's genetic makeup, age, and physiological state ensures optimal nutrient utilization and minimizes waste. Phase feeding should also be adopted to meet animals' changing nutritional needs at different growth and production stages, enhancing feed efficiency and reducing nutrient excretion. Utilizing advanced feed formulations with highly digestible ingredients and synthetic amino acids further improves nutrient absorption while lowering environmental emissions. Regular monitoring of metabolic health through blood metabolites and hormones allows for targeted nutritional interventions that support metabolic health and reproductive performance. Genomic technologies should be leveraged to identify animals with superior feed efficiency and incorporate these traits into breeding programs. Lastly, enhancing rumen function through management practices such as total mixed ration feeding and nutritional grouping improves overall feed efficiency and rumen health. Optimizing animal energy metabolism through strategic nutritional interventions is pivotal for enhancing productivity, efficiency, and sustainability in agricultural production. By integrating advanced nutritional strategies with genetic selection and management practices, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in animal performance and environmental sustainability. Future research should continue to explore the complex interactions between nutrition, genetics, and metabolism to develop more effective and sustainable agricultural practices. The ultimate goal is to create a balanced approach that maximizes animal health and productivity while minimizing environmental impact. Acknowledgments I would like to sincerely thank my colleague Alina Yan, for the constant care and professional guidance throughout the manuscript of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure Author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Acosta A., Vasconcellos G., Perdigão A., Carvalho V., Acedo T., Pedrini C., and Gandra J., 2021, PSVII-14 feeding carbohydrases to grazing beef cattle under different nutritional strategies on dry season: ruminal fermentation, Journal of Animal Science, 99(Supplement_3): 449-450. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.801 Brady E., Pierce K., Lynch M., Fahey A., and Mulligan F., 2021, The effect of nutritional management in early lactation and dairy cow genotype on milk production, metabolic status, and uterine recovery in a pasture-based system, Journal of Dairy Science, 104(5): 5522-5538. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19329 Dhaliwal S., Sharma V., Shukla A., Shivay Y., Hossain A., Verma V., Gill M., Singh J., Bhatti S., Verma G., Singh J., and Singh P., 2022, Agronomic biofortification of forage crops with zinc and copper for enhancing nutritive potential: a systematic review, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 103(4): 1631-1643. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12353
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