International Journal of Molecular Zoology 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 166-181 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 170 Figure 2 Phase Distribution and amplitude of the cycling phosphoproteome (Adopted from Robles et al., 2017) Image caption: (A) Rose plots representing the frequency distribution of the phases of the cycling liver phosphoproteome. (B) Frequency distribution of the phases of the rhythmic proteome (Robles et al., 2014) in mouse liver across the day. (C) Plot showing the distribution of the amplitudes (fold change of the log10 intensities) calculated for the cycling phosphoproteome (blue) as well as for the rhythmic proteome (Robles et al., 2014) (red). (D) Scatterplot representing the cumulative intensities of oscillating phosphopeptides ranked ascending. Cumulative intensities were divided into five quantiles and colored as indicated in the figure legend. The pie chart shows the distribution of cycling phosphopeptides in the five defined quantiles (Adopted from Robles et al., 2017) 4 Behavioral Functions of Circadian Rhythms 4.1 Sleep-wake cycles and their significance Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycles of animals. These approximately 24-hour cycles are driven by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which coordinates various physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep timing (Sanchez et al., 2021). The integrity of the sleep-wake cycle is essential for maintaining health and homeostasis. Disruptions in these rhythms can lead to various health issues, including metabolic disorders and impaired immune function (Figure 3) (Kennaway. 2005; Sanchez et al., 2021).
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