International Journal of Molecular Zoology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 31-43 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 38 cellular identity along the anterior posterior axis in all higher animals. It also covers the role of the Pax6 gene in eye development and the role of Nkx2.5 protein in heart development, emphasizing their correlation with human pathological conditions. Irie and Kuratani (2011) compared transcriptome analysis to reveal the typical stages of vertebrate organogenesis. Through quantitative comparative transcriptome analysis of several model vertebrate embryos, the pharyngeal stage was shown to be the most conservative stage, indicating that gene expression profiles are most similar between different species during the pharyngeal stage, which may reflect the source of vertebrate basic body plans. These studies demonstrate the power of model organisms in revealing the genetic and molecular basis of shared development across species, including humans. They emphasize the importance of evolutionary developmental biology in understanding the diversity and commonalities of life forms, with profound impacts on human health and disease. Comparative genomics analysis of conservation studies to specific developmental stages emphasizes the importance of identifying common developmental mechanisms among different organisms for understanding human biology. Despite conservatism, there are also significant differences in the developmental processes between different species. These differences can be attributed to the timing, intensity of gene expression, or specificity of intercellular interactions. For example, certain genes may be expressed in specific species, while they are not expressed or have different expression patterns in other species (Uebbing et al., 2016). In addition, there may be differences in cell types, tissue structures, and organ functions among different species. These differences make model organisms limited in human disease research, drug screening, and other areas. Gerri et al. (2020) studied a comparative perspective on human embryogenesis, using low input methods to study genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as effective gene function assessment techniques, allowing us to directly study human embryos. These advances have transformed research on early embryonic development in non rodent species, providing a broader understanding of conservative and diverse mechanisms. Workman et al. (2013) established neurodevelopmental sequence models in different mammalian species, which described the relationship between the asynchronous variability of neurodevelopmental events and their basic developmental relativity in 18 mammalian species (including humans, macaques, various rodent species, and six marsupials), and provided an empirical basis for identifying comparable mature states among different animals. These studies indicate that although there are significant differences in genomes between species, key genes and molecular pathways during development are highly conserved in evolution. By studying these common developmental mechanisms in different biological models, we can deepen our understanding of human biology and reveal the genetic basis of some birth defects. 3.2 Feasibility of constructing a cross species developmental biology model using single-cell omics Single cell omics techniques, especially single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell epigenetics, provide unprecedented opportunities for the construction of cross species developmental biology models. These technologies can reveal key information such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and intercellular interactions of individual cells during development, providing a rich dataset for cross species comparisons. Single cell omics techniques can capture the heterogeneity of individual cells and reveal the commonalities and differences in cell types among different species. By comparing the gene expression patterns and epigenetic modifications of the same cell type in different species, we can gain a deeper understanding of their conservatism and differences during development. Single cell omics technology can dynamically monitor changes in gene expression and intercellular interactions. This helps to capture key events and regulatory mechanisms during the developmental process, and further reveals the commonalities and differences in developmental processes among different species. In addition, single-cell omics technology can also combine multiple omics data, such as proteomics, metabolomics, etc., to provide more comprehensive information. Wörheide et al. (2021) found that by integrating omics data at different levels, more
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODY0NQ==