International Journal of Molecular Zoology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 31-43 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 33 Li et al. (2011) found that advances in "omics" technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been applied to construct engineered strains of brewing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This demonstrates the practical application of single-cell omics in improving strain characteristics in bioengineering processes, such as bioethanol production and brewing processes. 1.2 Application of the multicellular model organism in the beautiful C. elegans nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, abbreviated as C. elegans, is a multicellular model organism that occupies an important position in biological research. Its relatively simple nervous system and short lifespan make it an ideal choice for studying fields such as developmental biology, neurobiology, and cell biology (Figure 2). In recent years, with the rapid development of single-cell omics technology, Caenorhabditis elegans has played an increasingly important role in single-cell omics research. Figure 2 Lateral anatomy of Caenorhabditis elegans (Corsi et al., 2015) Note: A: hermaphroditic; B: male The nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans is relatively simple, consisting of only 302 neurons, which allows researchers to describe in detail the connectivity of each neuron. The use of single-cell omics techniques, particularly single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics, can reveal the functions and regulatory mechanisms of individual neurons in life processes. Li et al. (2020) found that single-cell RNA sequencing technology can analyze the gene expression patterns of different neurons at different developmental stages or under different environmental conditions, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of neural cell differentiation, development, and function. Ma et al. (2017) found that the life cycle of Caenorhabditis elegans is very short, taking only about 3 days from fertilized eggs to adults. Moreover, its developmental process is highly conservative, and almost every individual can undergo similar developmental processes in the same time and space. In addition, Caenorhabditis elegans also has the characteristic of easy gene editing and genetic manipulation. This makes the Caenorhabditis elegans an important model organism for studying developmental biology. By utilizing single-cell omics techniques, it is possible to accurately track the gene expression, protein expression, and metabolic changes of individual cells during development, thereby revealing the molecular mechanisms and signaling networks involved in developmental regulation. As a multicellular model organism, the nervous system and developmental process of the Caenorhabditis elegans are important models for studying developmental biology. Through single-cell omics technology, gene expression and protein interactions of individual neurons during development can be tracked. For example, using single-cell RNA sequencing technology, researchers have found that the gene expression patterns of different neurons in C. elegans exhibit spatiotemporal specificity during the developmental process from larval to adult stages. These genes are closely related to processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic formation, and function (Masoudi et al., 2021). In addition, single-cell proteomics techniques can also reveal the interactions and signaling pathways between neurons. 1.3 Application of vertebrate model organisms in zebrafish Zebrafish, as a vertebrate model organism, has been widely used in fields such as developmental biology, toxicology, disease modeling, and drug screening. In recent years, with the rise of single-cell omics technology,
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