International Journal of Molecular Zoology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 22-30 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 23 basis of disease resistance, and look forward to the direction and potential contributions of future research. By in-depth understanding of the genetic basis of disease resistance, this study can provide more effective strategies and means for pig health management and sustainable development of the breeding industry. 1 Genetic Basis of Pig Diseases 1.1 Diseases affecting pig health Pigs are one of the most important agricultural livestock in the world and are widely raised for meat production. However, their health status is threatened by various diseases, which seriously affect the growth and development, production efficiency and stable development of the breeding industry of pigs. Among these diseases, swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza, etc. are the most serious and common (Carr et al., 2018). Swine fever is a highly contagious disease caused by swine fever virus and is mainly spread through contact infection or respiratory tract. After swine fever virus infection, the infection rate within the pig herd is extremely high, and the mortality rate is high, causing serious economic losses to the pig industry. Foot-and-mouth disease is also a highly contagious disease caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus. It is characterized by causing foot-and-mouth disease lesions in pigs, including oral and hoof ulcers, which seriously affects the pigs' ability to eat and move, and even leads to large-scale deaths of pig herds. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a viral disease that seriously affects pig production performance and disease resistance (Figure 1). The virus mainly infects the immune system and respiratory system of pigs, causing frequent abortions, reduced sow productivity, pneumonia and other symptoms within the pig herd, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the pig industry. Swine flu is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza A virus infection. Its symptoms include high fever, difficulty breathing, cough, etc. Swine influenza not only affects the growth and development of pigs, but may also cause large-scale infections within pig herds, causing serious economic losses to the pig industry. Figure 1 Influencing factors and consequences of PRRSV co-infection (Zhao et al., 2021) The health of pigs is threatened by various diseases such as swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, PRRSV, and swine flu. These diseases not only cause large-scale deaths and economic losses within the pig herd, but also seriously affect the stable development of the pig industry. Therefore, studying the genetic basis of disease resistance in pigs is crucial to improving pig health and the development of the breeding industry. 1.2 Overview of the genetic basis of disease resistance in pigs Disease resistance in pigs is a complex genetic trait affected by multiple genes. These genes can affect the pig's immune system function, pathogen recognition and clearance capabilities, etc., thus determining the pig's infection and resistance levels to different diseases. Under the influence of genetic factors, disease resistance shows obvious differences between different strains and individuals, which reflects the importance of genetic background on disease resistance.
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