International Journal of Molecular Zoology 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 22-30 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 22 Research Article Open Access Review of Porcine Disease Resistance Genetic Basis Research Based on GWAS Xiao Zhu Xiaofang Lin Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Tropical Animal Center, Sanya, 572025, China Corresponding author email: 875931598@qq.com International Journal of Molecular Zoology, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/ijmz.2024.14.0004 Received: 04 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 13 Feb., 2024 Published: 25 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhu and Lin, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhu X., and Lin X.F., 2024, Review of porcine disease resistance genetic basis research based on GWAS, International Journal of Molecular Zoology, 14(1): 22-30 (doi: 10.5376/ijmz.2024.14.0004) Abstract This study reviews the latest progress in research on the genetic basis of porcine disease resistance based on GWAS. This study first introduces the importance and challenges of porcine disease resistance to the breeding industry, as well as the history and current status of research on porcine disease resistance; Then elaborates on the role and advantages of GWAS technology in research on the genetic basis of disease resistance, including its characteristics of high-throughput, high-resolution and comprehensive detection of genetic variation; Furthermore, it focuses on the important results achieved by GWAS-based research in discovering genetic variations related to porcine disease resistance, and the impact of these variations on disease resistance. Potential influencing mechanisms of sex. This study also explores the limitations of GWAS in porcine disease resistance research, and looks at the direction and potential contributions of future research, with a view to providing more effective strategies and means for pig health management and the sustainable development of the breeding industry. Keywords Porcine disease resistance; GWAS; Genetic basis; Genetic variation; Breeding industry The importance of porcine disease resistance is self-evident, as it directly affects the stable development of the breeding industry. Pigs are one of the most important domestic animals for humans. They not only provide humans with abundant meat food, but are also an important model for experimental animals and biomedical research (Reiner, 2009). However, disease problems in pigs have always been an important problem plaguing the breeding industry. Diseases not only lead to reduced breeding efficiency, but also adversely affect animal welfare and the environment, and even pose a potential threat to human health. Over the past few decades, the livestock industry has been grappling with the challenge of disease by controlling the spread of disease through improved farming management, vaccinations and drug treatments. However, with the continuous expansion of breeding scale and increasing environmental pressure, disease problems are still very prominent. Therefore, studying porcine disease resistance has become one of the important issues facing the current breeding industry (Yang, 2004). Past research has yielded some important discoveries about disease resistance in pigs, but its genetic basis is relatively poorly understood. In recent years, the rapid development of genomics technology has provided new opportunities for research on porcine disease resistance. Among them, research strategies based on genome -wide association study (GWAS) have attracted particular attention. As a high-throughput genetic analysis method, GWAS can simultaneously detect thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the entire genome, thereby revealing the association between genotype and phenotype. In the study of swine disease resistance, GWAS can be used to discover genetic variations related to disease resistance, thereby helping people to deeply understand the genetic basis of disease resistance (Niu et al., 2023). Compared with traditional genetic analysis methods, GWAS has higher resolution and wider coverage, and can discover genetic variants that have a small but statistically significant impact on disease resistance. GWAS can also provide more in-depth bioinformatics analysis, helping researchers understand the impact of these genetic variations on gene function and their mechanisms of action in disease resistance. This study aims to review and summarize the latest progress in GWAS-based research on the genetic basis of disease resistance in pigs, explore the application advantages and limitations of GWAS in revealing the genetic
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