International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 261-268 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 266 Collaborative international efforts are essential to control the spread of ASFV and mitigate its economic impact on the swine industry. 8 Concluding Remarks The interaction between African swine fever virus (ASFV) and host cells is a complex process that involves multiple pathways and mechanisms. ASFV primarily targets macrophages, entering these cells through clathrinand cholesterol-dependent endocytosis, which is crucial for successful viral replication. The virus-host interaction network is intricate, with ASFV proteins such as MGF360-9L and p30 interacting with host proteins involved in protein binding, metabolism, and immune responses. ASFV's ability to evade host immune defenses is facilitated by its modulation of cytokine expression and inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy in infected cells. These interactions are essential for understanding ASFV pathogenesis and developing effective antiviral strategies. Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of ASFV entry and replication within host cells. Identifying key viral and host protein interactions can provide targets for novel antiviral drugs and vaccine development. Additionally, understanding the role of specific host proteins, such as CD1d, in facilitating ASFV entry could lead to new therapeutic interventions. Policymakers should prioritize funding for ASFV research to accelerate the development of effective vaccines and treatments, which are currently lacking. Implementing biosecurity measures and surveillance systems in pig farming can help control the spread of ASFV and mitigate its economic impact. The ongoing research into ASFV-host interactions is crucial for combating this devastating disease. By advancing our understanding of the virus's mechanisms of infection and immune evasion, we can develop more effective strategies to prevent and treat ASFV infections. Collaborative efforts between researchers, policymakers, and the swine industry are essential to address the challenges posed by ASFV and protect global pig populations. Acknowledgments I am grateful to Dr. Ma and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on previous manuscript of this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Afe A., Shen Z., Guo X., Zhou R., and Li K., 2023, African swine fever virus interaction with host innate immune factors, Viruses, 15(6): 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061220 Alonso C., Galindo I., Cuesta-Geijo M., Cabezas M., Hernáez B., and Muñoz-Moreno R., 2012, African swine fever virus-cell interactions: from virus entry to cell survival, Virus Research, 173: 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.006 Arias M., De La Torre A., Dixon L., Gallardo C., Jori F., Laddomada A., Martins C., Parkhouse R., Revilla Y., Rodríguez F., and Sánchez-Vizcaíno J., 2017, Approaches and perspectives for development of african swine fever virus vaccines, Vaccines, 5(4): 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040035 Chen H.Y., and Lin X.F., 2024, ASFV proteins as drug targets: insights from genomic and proteomic studies, Bioscience Evidence, 14(5): 229-237. https://doi.org/10.5376/be.2024.14.0024 Chen X., Chen X., Liang Y., Xu S., Weng Z., Gao Q., Huang Z., Zhang G., and Gong L., 2022, Interaction network of African swine fever virus structural protein p30 with host proteins, Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 971888. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.971888 Chen X., Zheng J., Liu C., Li T., Wang X., Li X., Bao M., Li J., Huang L., Zhang Z., Bu Z., and Weng C., 2023, CD1d facilitates African swine fever virus entry into the host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Emerging Microbes and Infections, 12(2): 2220575. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2023.2220575 Dixon L., Islam M., Nash R., and Reis A., 2019, African swine fever virus evasion of host defences, Virus Research, 266: 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.04.002 Dolata K., Pei G., Netherton C., and Karger A., 2023, Functional landscape of African swine fever virus-host and virus-virus protein interactions, Viruses, 15(8): 1634. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081634
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