International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 235-243 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 241 networks. Furthermore, enhancing public awareness and education about the benefits of vaccination can improve uptake and compliance among poultry farmers. In summary, the successful eradication of Newcastle disease in chicken populations hinges on coordinated international efforts, robust national policies, and strategies to expand vaccine access globally. These measures will ensure the effective control and prevention of ND, safeguarding the poultry industry and supporting global food security. 9 Concluding Remarks The case study on the eradication of Newcastle disease (ND) in chicken populations through vaccination highlights several key findings. The use of thermoresistant vaccines, such as ND.TR.IR, has shown high efficacy in providing protection against virulent NDV strains in various chicken types, including SPF, native, and broiler chickens, with protection rates reaching up to 100%1. Additionally, recombinant vaccines like rHVT-005/006-F and rHVT-US2-F have demonstrated long-term protection with a single dose, offering a promising solution for sustained immunity. The study also found that routine vaccination programs significantly increased flock sizes in smallholder farms, indicating a positive impact on poultry productivity. Vaccination plays a crucial role in the eradication of Newcastle disease by reducing virus transmission and mortality rates. The use of vector vaccines, such as the rHVT-ND, has been shown to significantly lower the reproduction ratio of the virus, thereby reducing the spread of the disease among vaccinated flocks. Moreover, comprehensive vaccination programs that include both live and inactivated vaccines have been found to provide higher protection rates and reduce viral shedding compared to live vaccines alone. These findings underscore the importance of vaccination as a primary strategy in controlling and potentially eradicating ND. The future prospects for controlling and eradicating Newcastle disease globally are promising, given the advancements in vaccine development and administration strategies. The development of vaccines that provide long-term protection with fewer doses, such as the recombinant turkey herpesvirus-based vaccines, offers a practical approach to widespread immunization. Additionally, the integration of vaccination with other health management practices, such as parasiticidal treatments, can further enhance flock health and productivity. Continued research and adaptation of vaccination protocols to local conditions will be essential in achieving global eradication of Newcastle disease. Acknowledgments We express our heartfelt gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdisa T., and Tagesu T., 2017, Review on Newcastle disease of poultry and its public health importance, Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 8: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000441 Abdoshah M., Hassanzadeh M., Masoudi S., Ashtari A., Yousefi A., and Nasr M., 2022, Thermoresistant Newcastle disease vaccine effectively protects SPF, native, and commercial chickens in challenge with virulent virus, Veterinary Medicine and Science, 8: 1539-1546. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.794 Akanbi O., Shittu I., Barde I., and Rimfa A., 2020, Molecular and pathological investigation of a natural outbreak of Newcastle disease caused by genotype XVII in White Leghorn chickens, Avian Pathology, 49(4): 394-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2020.1757035 Akther S., and Hassan M., 2022, Development of flock immunity against Newcastle disease in native chicken in a locality, Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 8(1): 37-41. https://doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v8i1.58934 Annapragada A., Borgerson C., Iams S., Ravelomanantsoa M., Crawford G., Helin M., Anjaranirina E., Randriamady H., and Golden C., 2019, Modeling the impact of newcastle disease virus vaccinations on chicken production systems in Northeastern Madagascar, Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6: 305. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00305
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==