International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 235-243 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 235 Research Insight Open Access Case Study of Successful Eradication of Newcastle Disease in Chicken Populations via Vaccination Jinya Li, Jun Li, Qibin Xu Animal Science Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: qibin.xu@cuixi.org International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.6 doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0027 Received: 05 Nov., 2024 Accepted: 06 Dec., 2024 Published: 18 Dec., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Xu et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li J.Y., Li J., and Xu Q.B., 2024, Case study of successful eradication of newcastle disease in chicken populations via vaccination, International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 14(6): 235-243 (doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0027) Abstract This study aims to examine the successful eradication of ND in chicken populations through vaccination, focusing on a specific case study of a region that overcame major outbreaks via an organized vaccination campaign. The study details the etiology and pathogenesis of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), clinical signs, and diagnosis in chickens, as well as the global epidemiology of ND. It further evaluates the different types of vaccines, including live, inactivated, and recombinant vaccines, alongside challenges in vaccine development. The case study explores the initial ND outbreaks, the methods of vaccination implementation, and the factors contributing to the success of the vaccination program, such as effective delivery systems, government support, and public awareness. Key challenges faced during the campaign, such as logistical issues and vaccine hesitancy, are also discussed. Post-vaccination surveillance, long-term monitoring, and strategies for preventing disease resurgence are highlighted, along with policy implications for expanding vaccination efforts globally. The paper concludes by emphasizing the critical role of vaccination in controlling ND and providing recommendations for future disease eradication efforts. Keywords Newcastle disease; Vaccination campaign; Poultry;Vaccine development; Disease eradication 1 Introduction Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting a wide range of avian species, particularly chickens. It is caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which can lead to severe respiratory, nervous, and digestive symptoms in infected birds. The disease is known for its rapid spread and high mortality rates, especially in unvaccinated flocks, making it a significant concern for poultry farmers worldwide (Hu et al., 2017; Tian et al., 2020). NDV can cause up to 100% morbidity and mortality in chickens, highlighting the critical need for effective control measures (Ding et al., 2019). The poultry industry is a vital component of the global agricultural economy, and Newcastle disease poses a substantial threat to its sustainability. ND outbreaks can lead to devastating economic losses due to high mortality rates, decreased egg production, and trade restrictions (Tian et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2024). The disease is particularly challenging in developing countries, where resources for disease management may be limited4. Vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent and control ND outbreaks, and various vaccine types, including live attenuated and recombinant vaccines, have been developed to protect poultry populations (Said et al., 2019; Ferreira et al., 2020). This study attempts to explore the successful eradication of Newcastle disease in chicken populations through vaccination, discuss the efficacy of different vaccination strategies, and provide an overview of their impact on controlling ND outbreaks. By analyzing the outcomes of various vaccination programs, the study aims to offer insights into best practices for ND management and contribute to the development of more effective vaccination protocols in the poultry industry. The ultimate goal is to enhance the understanding of ND control measures and support global efforts to safeguard poultry health and productivity. 2 Background of Newcastle Disease (ND) Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects a wide range of avian species, both domestic and wild. It poses significant economic challenges to the poultry industry worldwide due to its high
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