International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 32-39 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 35 Recent studies have shown that temperature not only affects the physiological functions of mice, but may also affect the genetic expression and adaptability of mice by affecting the formation and regulation of epigenetic marks. 3.1 Effect of temperature on DNA methylation DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in mammals. Recent studies have found that temperature can affect DNA methylation levels in mice, thereby affecting gene expression patterns. Some experiments have shown that rising temperature can lead to a decrease in DNA methylation levels in mice and changes in the methylation status of specific genes, thus affecting the expression levels and functions of related genes. Temperature also affects the activity of DNA methylation modification enzymes. Studies have found that the activity of certain DNA methylation modification enzymes is regulated by temperature, leading to abnormalities in the DNA methylation process, which in turn affects gene expression regulation and physiological functions in mice. 3.2 Effect of temperature on histone modifications Histone modification is another important epigenetic mark. By regulating the modification status of histones, it can affect the structure and function of chromatin, thereby affecting the expression pattern of genes. Recent studies have shown that temperature has a significant impact on the status of histone modifications in mice. Changes in temperature can affect the activity and specificity of histone-modifying enzymes, leading to changes in the modification pattern of chromatin. This change may affect the tightness and accessibility of chromatin, thereby affecting the transcriptional activity and expression levels of genes. Temperature changes may also affect the interaction of histone-modifying enzymes with other regulatory factors, further regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. 3.3 Effect of temperature on non-coding RNA Non-coding RNA is a type of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins in cells. They play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and cell function (Panni et al., 2020). Recent studies have found that temperature changes can affect the expression levels and functions of non-coding RNAs in mice. Experimental results show that increasing or decreasing temperature can cause changes in the expression pattern of non-coding RNA in mice. The expression levels of some non-coding RNAs are positively or negatively correlated with temperature, indicating that temperature changes may affect gene transcription and translation by regulating the expression of non-coding RNAs. Temperature may also affect the spatial structure and function of non-coding RNA, further regulating its mode of action and effect in cells. The effect of temperature on epigenetic marks in mice involves many aspects such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA. These effects may affect the physiological adaptation and ecological adaptability of mice by regulating gene expression and function.. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between temperature and epigenetic marks will help reveal the adaptive mechanisms and strategies of organisms under different environmental conditions, which is of great significance for the protection and utilization of biological resources. 4 Mechanism of Association between Epigenetic Marks and Temperature Adaptability 4.1 Molecular mechanisms by which epigenetic marks regulate temperature adaptability Epigenetic marks play an important role in regulating temperature adaptability, and their molecular mechanisms involve regulatory processes at multiple levels. First, temperature changes can regulate gene expression by affecting the activity of enzymes that modify epigenetic marks. For example, an increase in temperature may promote the activity of certain histone modification enzymes, leading to changes in certain histone modification patterns of certain genes, thus affecting the expression levels of genes. At the same time, changes in temperature can also directly affect the activity of DNA methylation modification enzymes, which in turn affects the DNA
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