International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 23-31 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 30 5 Conclusion and Outlook This study deeply explored the threat of H5N1 avian influenza virus to chicken health and its molecular mechanism, conducted systematic experiments and data analysis, and revealed in detail the basic characteristics and transmission routes of H5N1 avian influenza virus. The virus relies on a complex cell infection mechanism and spreads within chicken flocks through airborne transmission and other means, forming an epidemic (Tian et al., 2023); and an in-depth study of the clinical symptoms and course of the disease in chicken flocks after infection found that not only the symptoms Typical respiratory symptoms also have a significant impact on chicken production performance, including reduced egg production and slowed growth rate. At the molecular mechanism level, this study reveals the key aspects of the interaction between the virus and the host, including the mechanism by which the virus invades host cells and the regulation of the host immune response. In addition, studies on gene expression and regulation provide important clues for further understanding of infection mechanisms. Although researchers have made a series of important discoveries, the problem of avian influenza remains a complex and serious challenge. Future research directions and challenges mainly include: First, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the genetic variation and evolutionary trends of avian influenza viruses to better understand the threats of different subtypes of viruses to chickens. This can help provide early warning of the emergence of new viruses and strengthen guidance on vaccine research and development. Secondly, future research should pay more attention to vaccine improvement and the development of new vaccines (Liu et al., 2023). Given the high variability of the virus, vaccine durability and broad spectrum are key issues. The introduction of new technologies and the application of genetic engineering are expected to improve the effectiveness of vaccines and reduce the threat of the epidemic to the health of chickens. In addition, establishing a comprehensive bird flu surveillance system to achieve early warning and rapid response can effectively prevent the spread of the epidemic. At the same time, strengthening the hygienic management of the breeding industry and improving the disease resistance of chickens are also important directions for future research. Challenges include the difficulty of tracing the source of the virus, the long vaccine development cycle, and the cost of building a surveillance system. Therefore, future research requires interdisciplinary collaboration and integration of expertise in biology, medicine, engineering and other fields to jointly address the challenges of avian influenza. Overall, future research will need to focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms of avian influenza at a deeper level and in a wider scope, and explore innovative prevention and control strategies to promote the sustainable development of the breeding industry and maintain the ecological balance of the national poultry and livestock industry. Based on the research results, there are many ways to deal with the threat of H5N1 avian influenza virus to the health of chickens. Including: strengthening the surveillance system for avian influenza viruses and establishing a complete virus surveillance network, including regular collection of chicken samples and viral gene sequencing, to detect new mutant strains earlier (Blagodatski et al., 2021); optimizing vaccine research and development, Increase investment in the research and development of H5N1 avian influenza virus vaccines to improve vaccine coverage and effectiveness to reduce the risk of outbreaks; strengthen international cooperation to address the global threat of avian influenza viruses, promote international cooperation, and share virus information and vaccine technology and prevention and control experience to jointly maintain global poultry health; strengthen chicken farm hygiene management, improve chicken farm hygiene standards, strictly implement epidemic prevention measures, and reduce the risk of avian influenza virus transmission among chickens. Taken together, through in-depth research on the impact of H5N1 avian influenza virus on chicken health, this study provides scientific basis and strategic guidance for future prevention and control of avian influenza. However, in the face of constantly mutating viruses and complex host immune systems,, we need to continue to work hard and continuously improve prevention and control strategies to ensure the sustainable development of the poultry industry and the safety of human health.
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