International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 23-31 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 23 Research Report Open Access Research on the Threat of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus to Chicken Health and Its Molecular Mechanisms Siping Zhang , Haiyong Chen Tropical Veterinary Medicine Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572024, Hainan, China Corresponding author email: 2495757304@qq.com International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0004 Received: 01 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 12 Jan., 2024 Published: 02 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhang and Chen, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhang S.P., and Chen H.Y., 2024, Research on the threat of H5N1 avian influenza virus to chicken health and its molecular mechanisms, International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 14(1): 23-31 (doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0004) Abstract With the repeated outbreaks of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, in-depth research on its threat to chicken health and its molecular mechanism has become particularly urgent. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the characteristics and transmission routes of H5N1 avian influenza virus, as well as the impact on clinical symptoms and production performance of chickens after infection. Through in-depth research on the interaction between viruses and hosts, the key mechanisms of virus invasion into host cells and the regulatory process of host immune responses have been revealed, providing strong support for understanding the molecular mechanisms of infection. Research results show that infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus not only causes respiratory symptoms, but also has a significant impact on the production performance of chickens, including reduced egg production and slowed growth. At the molecular level, viruses rely on sophisticated gene expression and regulatory mechanisms to closely interact with host cells to form a complex network of infection. Future research directions include in-depth exploration of the mutation and evolution mechanisms of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, strengthening research on the interaction between the virus and the host immune system, and establishing a more sensitive early warning system. This study provides a scientific basis for formulating more effective prevention and control strategies, and provides an important reference for protecting the poultry industry and human health. Keywords H5N1 avian influenza virus; Chicken health; Molecular mechanisms; Virus variation; Early warning H5N1 avian influenza virus, as a highly lethal representative of avian influenza subtypes, not only poses a major threat to the poultry breeding industry, but also poses potential risks to human health. Its high variability and easy transmission allow it to spread rapidly among poultry flocks, causing multiple serious economic losses and food safety issues (Shi and Gao, 2021). Past outbreaks have caused widespread alarm around the world, so it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the transmission and outbreak mechanisms of the H5N1 avian influenza virus and its impact on chicken health. The transmission mechanism of H5N1 avian influenza virus is complex and diverse, and the main routes include airborne transmission, contact transmission, and fecal-oral transmission. Its high variability enables it to rapidly adapt to different host environments, which results in rapid spread among poultry flocks and the formation of explosive epidemics. This transmission mechanism not only makes farms face great challenges, but also provides the possibility for the occurrence of zoonotic diseases (Lewis et al., 2021). Faced with the threat of H5N1 avian influenza virus to the health of chickens, there is an urgent need to deeply understand the changes in physiological and immune responses caused by it in order to formulate prevention and control measures more effectively. Current research still lacks a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection, which hinders the development of targeted prevention and control methods (Lee et al., 2018). Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively and deeply explore the impact of H5N1 avian influenza virus on chicken flocks, especially the interaction at the molecular level. Provide scientific basis for future prevention and control measures. This study will comprehensively understand the potential threat of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection to the overall health of chickens through systematic pathological, clinical and physiological studies. From the early stage of infection to the later stage, this study will track the development of the disease, deeply analyze the changes in the degree of infection, and study the possible physiological changes. In order to respond to the threat of H5N1 avian influenza virus in a more targeted manner,
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