International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 17-22 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 18 1 Basic Knowledge of FCV Feline calicivirus (FCV), a member of the caliciviridae family, possesses a unique viral structure that profoundly influences its infection process and pathological effects (Zhou et al., 2023). The virus particles of FCV exhibit a cup-like shape, distinguishing it from others. The outer layer of the virus is enveloped in a membrane covered with crown-like projections, containing crucial proteins that determine the interaction between the virus and host cells. Additionally, the genome of FCV is a positive-sense RNA, encoding various proteins, including key enzymes and structural proteins directly involved in virus replication and assembly (Wang, 2023). FCV's host range encompasses feline species, with domestic cats being the primary hosts. This broad host adaptability is a significant factor in the spread of FCV within cat populations. The virus is transmitted through airborne droplets and direct contact, yet the adaptability and transmission mechanisms in different hosts remain crucial research focuses. In parasitic biology, FCV replicates and releases within host cells, forming latent infections within host animals. Understanding this parasitology is essential for the treatment and management of FCV infections. FCV exhibits high genetic variability, primarily reflected in the RNA sequences of its genome (Zheng et al., 2022). This variability results in the emergence of different viral strains, which may demonstrate varying transmission capabilities and pathogenicity. Understanding the genetic variability of FCV is crucial for developing effective vaccine and treatment strategies. Future research needs to delve deeper into how these variations affect the transmission and pathological characteristics of FCV to better address the challenges posed by different variant strains. 2 Transmission Dynamics of Feline Calicivirus (FCV) in Cat Populations 2.1 Transmission pathways The transmission pathway of FCV is the basis for studying its transmission dynamics in cat herds. The main transmission pathways include: FCV can spread through airborne aerosols, particularly in enclosed environments such as veterinary clinics and catteries. Droplet transmission is a major mode, where virus particles expelled during coughing or sneezing by infected cats can linger in the air, making other cats susceptible upon inhalation. Direct contact is another significant pathway for FCV transmission. This involves close interactions between infected cats, such as kissing, grooming, sharing food and water, etc. (Bai et al., 2022). This form of transmission is common in cat populations, especially in environments where multiple cats live together. FCV can be transmitted through environmental surfaces, especially in areas where the virus is released, such as locations where infected cats cough or sneeze. Virus particles may persist on surfaces for some time, and other cats may become infected by coming into contact with these contaminated surfaces. 2.2 Seasonal and geographic variations in transmission dynamics The transmission of FCV may vary across different seasons. Some studies suggest that cold and humid seasons may facilitate the spread of FCV within cat populations. This could be related to seasonal changes in the immune system, cat behavior patterns, and the stability of the virus in different environments. Transmission dynamics of FCV may also exhibit variations in different geographic regions. This could be influenced by factors such as climate conditions, cat population density, and veterinary hygiene practices. Investigating geographic differences contributes to a better understanding and prediction of FCV transmission dynamics in different regions, providing a scientific basis for the development of corresponding prevention and control strategies. 3 Impact of Chronic FCV Infection 3.1 Clinical manifestations Chronic FCV infection has widespread and complex effects on the health of cats. This study delves into the
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