International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 17-22 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 17 Review and Progress Open Access Long-Term Impact of Feline Calicivirus (FCV): From Transmission Dynamics to Disease Management Zhaolin Wang1 , Xiaofang Lin2 1 Ruipai Pet Hospital, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China 2 Tropical Animal Medicine Center of Hainan Tropical Agricultural Resources Research Institute, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China Corresponding author email: 745457309@qq.com International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0003 Received: 21 Nov., 2023 Accepted: 01 Jan., 2024 Published: 27 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wang and Lin, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wang Z.L., and Lin X.F., 2024, Long-term impact of feline calicivirus (FCV): from transmission dynamics to disease management, International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 14(1): 17-22 (doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0003) Abstract Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a key pathogen causing respiratory diseases in feline species. This study synthesizes research findings on FCV, delving into its transmission pathways, clinical manifestations, and the long-term impact of chronic infections on feline health. The research reveals that FCV spreads through aerosols, direct contact, and environmental surfaces, with transmission dynamics influenced by seasons and geographical factors. Clinically, FCV infections exhibit acute and chronic symptoms, varying across age groups and populations. Chronic infections may lead to prolonged immune system impairment, and clinical case analyses highlight the significant impact of chronic infections on feline populations. Regarding treatment, the study evaluates the efficacy of current antiviral drugs and symptomatic therapies while exploring the current status and future directions of vaccine development. By providing a comprehensive understanding of FCV, this research serves as a crucial reference for future development of more effective disease management and prevention strategies. Keywords Feline calicivirus; Transmission pathways; Chronic infections; Clinical manifestations; Disease management Feline calicivirus (FCV), first discovered and identified by scientists in the early 1950s, has attracted widespread attention due to its distinctive cup-shaped morphology and its impact on feline species (Fumian et al., 2018). Researchers have classified FCV within the caliciviridae family, and its unique genomic structure and protein composition result in diverse pathological effects within the feline body. The transmission of FCV primarily occurs through airborne particles and direct contact. Once a cat within a group is infected, the virus can spread rapidly to other cats through sneezing, coughing, or direct contact. This highly contagious characteristic makes the spread of FCV extremely rapid in cat herds, posing a potential threat to the health of feline populations (Spiri et al., 2019; Wang and Lin, 2024). FCV infection is a common occurrence in cat populations worldwide. Both domestic and stray cats may be infected with FCV. This high prevalence makes FCV a significant factor requiring attention in feline population health management (Liu et al., 2022). The disease symptoms caused by FCV are varied, including upper respiratory tract infections and oral ulcers. Current research primarily focuses on the basic biological characteristics of FCV, its transmission pathways, and the pathological manifestations during the acute infection stage. However, there is still a knowledge gap in understanding the long-term effects of chronic FCV infection and its dynamics in feline populations, necessitating a deeper understanding of FCV's long-term impact on feline health during chronic infection. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively understand the transmission dynamics of FCV in cat populations and explore the potential impact of chronic FCV infection on feline health. By gaining a thorough understanding of FCV, this research aims to provide insights for future disease management and prevention strategies, serving as a scientific basis for reducing the spread of FCV in feline populations and treating chronic infections. This study is crucial for improving feline population health and ensuring the safety of close interactions between humans and cats.
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