Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 91-101 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 99 long-term monitoring to evaluate the stability and adaptability of traits, especially in the context of climate change and transformation of aquaculture models. Future research should prioritize the development of integrated genomics-based breeding platforms, combining high-throughput genotyping, transcriptomics, and advanced selection models. These platforms will facilitate the rapid identification and deployment of superior genotypes, supporting both productivity and conservation goals. Given the increasing impact of climate change and disease threats, breeding programs should expand their focus to include the development of climate-resilient and disease-resistant Channa strains. This will require the identification and incorporation of novel alleles from wild populations, as well as the use of gene banks and ex situ reserves to safeguard genetic diversity for future improvement. Acknowledgments The authors sincerely thank Dr. Wang for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions, which contributed to its improvement. Additionally, heartfelt gratitude is extended to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their comprehensive evaluation of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Reference Awal M.R., Pervin R., Rahman M.A., Bhadra A., Mahmud Y., Tanu M.B., and Parvez I., 2024, Effect of hormonal treatment on artificial propagation, spawning performance and embryonic development of striped snakehead Channa striata (Bloch, 1793), Animal Reproduction Science, 267: 107521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107521 Chandra R.K., Bhardwaj A.K., Pati A.K., and Tripathi M.K., 2023, Seasonal Immune Rhythms of head kidney and spleen cells in the freshwater Teleost, Channa punctatus, Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, 5: 100110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100110 Cui T., Zhang J., Ou M., Luo Q., Fei S., Chen K., Zhao J., and Liu H., 2024, Potential of genome-wide association studies to improve genomic selection for growth traits in blotched snakehead (Channa maculata), Aquaculture, 580: 741895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741895 Cuomo A., Alvari G., Azodi C., McCarthy D., and Bonder M., 2021, Optimizing expression quantitative trait locus mapping workflows for single-cell studies, Genome Biology, 22: 188. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-021-02407-x Dewi C.D., Maulana U., El Rahimi S.A., and Ismarica I., 2023, Additional of EM4 and molasses in feeds on the growth and survival rate of snakehead (Channa striata), Depik, 12(1): 6-11. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.12.1.27330 Damle D., Kumar R., Ahilan B., Pillai B.R., Chidambaram P., Swain P.P., Debbarma J., and Sundaray J.K., 2023, The effect of habitat manipulation on early gonad maturation of Channa striata in captive condition, Indian Journal of Animal Research, 57(11): 1462-1468. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-5177 Fan W., Zhang L., Su J., Luo Y., Jiao X., Huang Z., Zhao H., Zhao Z., Duan Y., Li Q., Du J., Zhuo T., Su Q., Wu J., and Zhou J., 2022, Genetic diversity of two color morphs of Northern snakehead (Channa argus) unveiled by the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region, Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 7(3): 515-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2029601 Gamazon E., Wheeler H., Shah K., Mozaffari S., Aquino-Michaels K., Carroll R., Eyler A., Denny J., Nicolae D., Cox N., and Im H., 2015, A gene-based association method for mapping traits using reference transcriptome data, Nature Genetics, 47(9): 1091-1098. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3367 Harrington L.A., Mookerjee A., Kalita M., Saikia A., Macdonald D.W., and D'Cruze N., 2022, Risks associated with the global demand for novel exotic pets: A new and emerging trade in snakehead fish (Channa spp.) from India, Biological Conservation, 265: 109377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109377 Hien T., Tâm B., Tu T., and Bengtson D., 2017, Weaning methods using formulated feeds for snakehead (Channa striata and Channa micropeltes) larvae, Aquaculture Research, 48(12): 4774-4782. https://doi.org/10.1111/ARE.13298 Jabeen M., 2022, DNA markers based genetic polymorphism in natural populations of Channa marulius, Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 54(5): 2017-2024. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20210812100840 Kumar R., Gokulakrishnan M., Debbarma J., and Damle D., 2022, Advances in captive breeding and seed rearing of striped murrel Channa striata, a high value food fish of Asia, Animal Reproduction Science, 238: 106957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106957
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