Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 91-101 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 97 which restricts the improvement of its breeding efficiency. Saputra et al. (2022) proved through experiments that adding probiotics to feed can effectively improve this problem. The study compared the effects of three probiotic combinations, among which the combination of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P2) increased the survival rate of fish (86.67%), which was significantly higher than the control group (60.00%). At the same time, although the difference in growth parameters did not reach a significant level, the P2 group had the highest body length (4.67 mm) and weight gain (0.89 g). The water quality was always maintained within an appropriate range. The results of this study show that probiotics, as a green ecological breeding technology, can help improve fish health and production performance, and have practical value in promoting commercial breeding of local fish species. Figure 2 Manhattan plots of 8 growth traits. The black line represents the genome-wide significance threshold (−log10(2.25E-08) = 7.65), and the dotted line represents the mean chromosome-wide significance threshold (−log10 (4.49E-07) = 6.35). A~G represent WT, TL, BL, HL, BD, ABD, TPL and TPD respectively (Adopted from Liu et al., 2024) Image caption: SNP hotspots that exceed the genomic significance threshold (black line) and chromosomal significance threshold (dashed line) on multiple chromosomes are particularly prominent in Chr2, Chr8, Chr11 and Chr18. The results revealed that multiple SNPs were significantly associated with traits such as weight and body length, verifying the validity of GWAS and providing visual evidence for locating key candidate genes such as HS6ST1(Adopted from Liu et al., 2024)
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