Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 91-101 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 93 Figure 1 Hormonal treatment process of C. striatainduced breeding (Adopted from Awal et al., 2024) 2.3 Genetic consequences of domestication The shift from wild resources to factory seed production may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity due to genetic drift and inbreeding, especially when broodstock are not properly managed. High levels of population differentiation (FST = 0.21902-0.49428) and small effective population size (Ne) were found in nine Channa argus populations in central China, indicating that artificial release and hatchery operations may have caused local genetic drift and long-term genetic structure changes (Yan et al., 2018). Fan et al. (2022) compared three artificially cultured "white type" Channa argus and four "two-color type" Channa argus and found that the haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.505) and nucleotide diversity (Pi = 0.000 57) of artificially bred populations were much lower than those of wild populations (Hd = 0.911, Pi = 0.003 26). The reduction in genetic variation may affect the long-term adaptability and survival fitness of the population. Therefore, continuous genetic monitoring must be carried out during the domestication breeding process (Nen et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2022). Selective breeding for traits such as fast growth and high feed efficiency, may lead to a phenomenon called “genomic erosion”, in which alleles associated with non-target traits are lost during the breeding process. This situation may weaken the overall genetic health of artificial populations and limit their ability to respond to environmental changes or disease outbreaks (Nen et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2022). 3 Genetic Variability of Key Traits inChanna Domestication 3.1 Growth and feed efficiency traits inChanna A genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted on fish of the genus Channa found that multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes were significantly associated with growth traits. In
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