Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 49-59 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 56 8.3 Regulatory pathways and international guidelines The regulatory systems related to the application of AI-driven genome selection and gene editing in animal breeding that are gradually being established and improved by various countries and international organizations play a key role in promoting the rational and safe use of technologies. A good regulatory framework, while encouraging technological innovation, should also take into account ethical issues, biosecurity and public interests, and find a balance point among them. Feng et al. (2024) used precise gene editing to breed disease-resistant goats, which further demonstrates the importance of formulating clear regulatory guidelines, not only to ensure safety but also to address ethical concerns in society. Nielsen (2022) indicates that it is hoped that international organizations and regulatory authorities of various countries can take the lead in promoting the unification of standards, encourage more communication and cooperation among researchers, farmers and consumers, and further guide the promotion and application of cutting-edge technologies in animal husbandry in a more responsible way. 9 Future Prospects and Research Directions 9.1 Precision livestock farming and real-time genomics Jones and Wilson (2022) demonstrated that genomic sequencing, gene annotation, and editing technologies are becoming increasingly advanced. Coupled with the support of AI analysis and cloud computing platforms, this not only enhances production efficiency but also improves animal health and welfare, while reducing environmental impact. McLean et al. (2020) found that AI-supported real-time genomic technology can quickly identify and select good traits, accelerate the genetic improvement process, make breeding more precise, and also superimpose multiple useful genetic variations in a generation of goats to enhance breeding effectiveness. 9.2 AI and gene editing synergies in developing countries With the development of technologies such as next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies, scientists have begun to identify genes related to important traits such as meat and milk production in local goat breeds. Ncube et al. (2025) suggests that integrating AI and gene editing technology into traditional breeding methods is expected to optimize the entire goat production system, not only improving meat quality but also enabling goats to better adapt to harsh climates such as heat or drought. But at present, researchers do not know enough about the genetic diversity of local varieties, and more investment is needed for research to ensure that these technologies can truly benefit small-scale farmers (Bishop and Van Eenennaam, 2020; Ncube et al., 2025). Bishop and Van Eenennaam (2020) hold that the significant differences in regulatory rules among different countries have affected the fair promotion of technologies. Moreover, in order to promote the wider and better use of these technologies in developing regions, it becomes extremely important to strengthen technical training and local capacity building. 9.3 Education, policy, and public engagement If these new technologies can be considered from multiple aspects such as ethics, society and regulation together, it will be easier for society to accept them and ensure their responsible use. The concept of “Sociotechnical imaginaries” is very important. It refers to the vision and values of the future of technology jointly held by the industry, scientific researchers and the public, which will affect the development direction and management methods of gene editing. The previous research indicates that to achieve these goals, it is necessary to maintain transparent communication, widely listen to the voices of different groups, involve all stakeholders, promote the coordination and unification of international standards, build public trust, and strengthen ethical supervision. And provide guidance for policy-making. Acknowledgments The authors appreciates the comments from two anonymous peer reviewers on the manuscript of this study and thank the team members for helping to sort out the literature materials.
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