Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 380-387 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 380 Feature Study Open Access Regulation of Gene Expression in Response to Nutritional Interventions in Swine Jianli Zhong Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding author: jianli.zhong@hibio.org Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.6 doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0040 Received: 11 Nov., 2024 Accepted: 15 Dec., 2024 Published: 27 Dec., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhong, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhong J.L., 2024, Regulation of gene expression in response to nutritional interventions in swine, Animal Molecular Breeding, 14(6): 380-387 (doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0040) Abstract This study explores the complex interactions between dietary components and gene expression pathways, with a focus on their effects on pig growth, development, and metabolic health. Nutritional interventions, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and feed additives, are discussed, and the main benefits of targeted nutritional strategies, including improved muscle development, enhanced immune response, and optimized energy efficiency, are summarized. The progress of nutrigenomics, such as transcriptomics research and integrated omics methods, is briefly described. A case study illustrates how specific dietary changes affect gene expression and its practical application in pig production. Despite progress, challenges such as the complexity of gene nutrient interactions and methodological limitations still exist. Future research should prioritize the integration of multiple omics and innovative technologies to improve nutrition strategies and pave the way for personalized pig feeding practices. This study emphasizes the transformative potential of nutrigenomics in optimizing gene expression for sustainable pig production. Keywords Pig; Nutritional genomics; Gene expression; Epigenetics; Nutrient-sensing pathways 1 Introduction Understanding gene expression in swine nutrition is crucial for optimizing health and production efficiency in the swine industry. Nutritional interventions can significantly influence gene expression, impacting various biological processes such as growth, immune response, and metabolism. For instance, dietary prebiotics and arachidonic acid have been shown to alter gene expression in piglets, affecting gastrointestinal health and reducing inflammation (He et al., 2019). Similarly, dietary lysine restriction impacts gene expression in skeletal muscle, influencing protein synthesis and metabolic pathways (Wang et al., 2019). These insights highlight the potential of nutritional strategies to modulate gene expression for improved swine health and productivity. Gene-nutrient interactions play a pivotal role in swine health and production by modulating gene expression profiles in response to dietary components. For example, the supplementation of Clostridium butyricum in piglets modifies liver gene expression, enhancing immune function and metabolic processes (Qiao et al., 2020). Additionally, maternal dietary interventions, such as betaine supplementation, can epigenetically regulate gene expression in offspring, affecting lipid metabolism and stress responses (Cai et al., 2016; Cai et al., 2017). These interactions underscore the complexity of nutritional programming and its potential to enhance swine growth, reproductive performance, and overall health. This study explores the gene expression regulation mechanisms of pigs in various nutritional interventions, elucidating the molecular pathways influenced by dietary components and their effects on pig health and production through recent research. This includes analyzing the effects of specific nutrients (such as amino acids, prebiotics, and probiotics) on gene expression, as well as their effects on different tissues (including liver, muscle, and gastrointestinal tract). This study aims to provide insights for optimizing pig nutrition to improve productivity and health outcomes.
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