Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 345-353 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 351 and specificity. The optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 for early chick embryos has further improved the efficiency and specificity of gene knockouts, facilitating advanced genetic studies in poultry. Moreover, innovative delivery systems, such as using Marek’s disease virus, have been explored to enhance the practical application of CRISPR/Cas9 in poultry. Future research should focus on addressing the limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in poultry breeding. One critical area is improving the efficiency and precision of gene editing to minimize off-target effects and ensure stable genetic modifications. Developing more robust delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9 components, such as gesicle technology, could enhance the practical application of this technology in poultry. Additionally, exploring the use of tissue-specific promoters and spatiotemporal control strategies could further refine gene editing outcomes and reduce unintended consequences. Research should also investigate the long-term effects of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic modifications on poultry health and productivity to ensure the safety and sustainability of this technology in the poultry industry. The integration of CRISPR/Cas9 technology into poultry breeding holds transformative potential for the industry. By enabling precise genetic modifications, this technology can enhance disease resistance, improve production traits, and contribute to the development of innovative poultry vaccines. The advancements in CRISPR/Cas9 applications in poultry not only promise to improve the efficiency and sustainability of poultry production but also open new avenues for scientific research and biotechnological innovations. As research continues to address the current limitations and optimize the use of CRISPR/Cas9, the full potential of gene editing in poultry breeding will likely be realized, leading to significant advancements in the field. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Mrs. Yuan for critically reading the manuscript and providing valuable feedback that improved the clarity of the text. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Antonova E., Glazova O., Gaponova A., Eremyan A., Zvereva S., Grebenkina N., Volkova N., and Volchkov P., 2018, Successful CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homologous recombination in a chicken cell line, F1000Research, 7: 238. Bai Y., He L., Li P., Xu K., Shao S., Ren C., Liu Z., Wei Z., and Zhang Z., 2016, Efficient genome editing in chicken DF-1 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 6: 917-923. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.027706 Bartkowski B., Theesfeld I., Pirscher F., and Timaeus J., 2018, Snipping around for food: Economic, ethical and policy implications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing, Geoforum, 96: 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOFORUM.2018.07.017 Bishop T., and Eenennaam A., 2020, Genome editing approaches to augment livestock breeding programs, Journal of Experimental Biology, 223(Suppl_1): jeb207159. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.207159 Chojnacka-Puchta L., and Sawicka D., 2020, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in a chicken model: current approaches and applications, Journal of Applied Genetics, 61: 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-020-00537-9 Dehau T., Ducatelle R., Immerseel F., and Goossens E., 2022, Omics technologies in poultry health and productivity-part 1: current use in poultry research, Avian Pathology, 51: 407-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2022.2086447 DiEuliis D., and Giordano J., 2017, Gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9: implications for dual-use and biosecurity, Protein and Cell, 9: 239-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-017-0493-4 Dimitrov L., Pedersen D., Ching K., Yi H., Collarini E., Izquierdo S., Lavoir M., and Leighton P., 2016, Germline gene editing in chickens by efficient CRISPR-Mediated homologous recombination in primordial germ cells, PLoS One, 11(4): e0154303. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154303
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