Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 326-334 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 331 For example, the widespread distribution of the rdAc allele, which causes retinal degeneration, underscores the need for regulatory measures to control its prevalence in certain breeds (Menotti-Raymond et al., 2010; Ofri et al., 2015). Ethical considerations also come into play when deciding which genetic traits to prioritize and which to eliminate. The debate over genetic testing for mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI (MPS VI) in cats illustrates the ethical dilemma of reducing gene pools versus preventing disease (Lyons et al., 2016). Breeders and veterinarians must navigate these complex ethical landscapes to make decisions that balance the health and genetic diversity of cat populations. 7 Future Directions in Ethical Cat Breeding 7.1 Advances in genetic screening and breeding programs Advancements in genetic screening and breeding programs are pivotal in reducing the incidence of hereditary diseases in cats. The integration of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) into routine diagnostic tools is becoming increasingly feasible and is expected to revolutionize feline healthcare by enabling the identification of genetic mutations associated with various diseases (Lyons, 2015). For instance, the use of WGS in a feline colony has demonstrated its potential in identifying disease-causing variants and managing genetic diversity effectively, thereby preventing the spread of hereditary diseases (Farias et al., 2017). Additionally, commercially available DNA panels can estimate the coefficient of inbreeding, aiding breeders in making informed decisions to maintain genetic health and reduce inbreeding-related fertility issues. The implementation of these advanced genetic tools can significantly enhance the health outcomes of breeding programs by allowing for the strategic selection of breeding pairs to avoid the propagation of deleterious genes. 7.2 Role of technology in monitoring health outcomes The role of technology in monitoring health outcomes is increasingly critical in ethical cat breeding. The use of digital health records and genetic databases allows for the comprehensive tracking of breeding outcomes, including the health and vitality of kittens from birth to weaning (Casal, 2022). This data-driven approach enables breeders and veterinarians to identify patterns and potential health issues early, facilitating timely interventions. Moreover, the application of genome sequencing data in managing feline pedigrees has shown promise in maintaining genetic diversity and monitoring the presence of harmful genetic variants. (Si, 2024) By leveraging these technological advancements, breeders can ensure more accurate and efficient monitoring of health outcomes, ultimately leading to healthier cat populations (Goericke-Pesch and Packeiser, 2022). 7.3 Policy recommendations and advocacy To promote ethical breeding practices, it is essential to establish robust policy recommendations and advocacy efforts. Policies should mandate the use of genetic testing and screening for known hereditary diseases before breeding, ensuring that only healthy cats are used in breeding programs (Gandolfi and Alhaddad, 2015). Additionally, guidelines should be developed to prevent the unnecessary reduction of gene pools, as seen in the case of the MPS VI D520N variant, where unwarranted genetic testing could lead to inbreeding depression (Lyons et al., 2016). Advocacy efforts should focus on educating breeders and the public about the importance of genetic diversity and the risks associated with inbreeding. Collaboration between veterinarians and breeders is crucial in this regard, as it fosters a shared understanding and commitment to improving feline health and wellbeing. By implementing these policy recommendations and advocating for responsible breeding practices, the incidence of hereditary diseases in cats can be significantly reduced, ensuring healthier and more resilient cat populations (Bott and Chahory, 2015). 8 Concluding Remarks The research on the impact of breeding practices on the incidence of hereditary diseases in cats has revealed several critical insights. Selective breeding practices have been shown to contribute to the prevalence of various genetic disorders. For instance, the study on bone and cartilage disorders in cats highlights that selective breeding can lead to harmful structural alterations and inherited skeletal conditions. Additionally, a significant proportion of ocular diseases in cats, such as entropion and corneal sequestration, have been linked to hereditary factors, with certain breeds like Persians and Maine Coons being over-represented. The Burmese cat has been identified as a
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