Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 297-306 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 304 As high-throughput genotyping becomes more accessible, the integration of QTL data into genome-wide selection strategies will become more widespread. This will allow breeders to simultaneously select for multiple traits, improving both productivity and adaptability in different environments. For instance, genomic selection techniques that include QTL information can increase selection accuracy and lead to faster genetic gains (Cockram and Mackay, 2018). Additionally, the continuous improvement in statistical tools and computing power will make it easier to identify QTLs with small effects, thereby contributing to a more complete understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits like egg production. 6.2 Potential for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in egg production Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a key application of QTL mapping in breeding programs. MAS utilizes genetic markers identified through QTL mapping to select individuals carrying favorable alleles, thereby improving specific traits such as egg production or egg quality. With the identification of significant QTLs associated with egg production traits, breeders can employ MAS to enhance traits like egg number, size, and shell strength in layer hens. Recent advancements have improved the reliability and efficiency of MAS, especially with the introduction of high-density linkage maps and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), making the process more precise and cost-effective (Khalil et al., 2021). Furthermore, MAS is particularly advantageous for traits with low heritability, where traditional selection methods are less effective. For example, traits such as disease resistance and environmental adaptability, which are critical for egg production, can be improved through MAS by targeting specific QTLs related to these traits. In the future, the development of more comprehensive genomic resources and advanced mapping techniques will further refine MAS, making it an indispensable tool for genetic improvement in poultry breeding (Yang et al., 2020). 6.3 Role of functional genomics in understanding QTL The integration of functional genomics with QTL mapping offers significant potential for uncovering the biological mechanisms underlying complex traits. Functional genomics aims to link gene function with phenotypic traits by investigating gene expression, protein interactions, and metabolic pathways. By combining QTL data with transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenetics, researchers can identify the genes and molecular pathways that regulate egg production traits, providing deeper insights into the genetic control of these traits (Robledo et al., 2016). For example, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, which identifies genetic variants that influence gene expression levels, can be used in conjunction with traditional QTL mapping to pinpoint causal genes for egg production traits. This approach not only helps in identifying candidate genes but also in understanding how genetic variations affect gene expression and, ultimately, the phenotype. As more genomic and transcriptomic data become available, functional genomics will play a crucial role in validating the effects of QTLs and translating them into practical breeding applications (Ocaña-Moral et al., 2017). In conclusion, the integration of functional genomics with QTL mapping represents a powerful tool for advancing poultry breeding. By understanding the molecular basis of important traits, breeders can develop more targeted breeding strategies that improve egg production and other economically valuable traits more efficiently (Mengesha et al., 2022). Acknowledgements We extend our sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their invaluable feedback on the initial draft of this paper, whose critical evaluations and constructive suggestions have greatly contributed to the improvement of our manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure Authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==