Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 239-251 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 248 Figure 3 shows the analysis of fluorescent protein expression stability in Pseudomonas fluorescens through flow cytometry (Adopted from Elmore et al., 2023) Image caption: SAGE is a novel technique under GS (Genome surgery). The experimental results indicate that the strains generated via SAGE (Serine integrase-Assisted Genome Engineering) exhibit more stable fluorescence expression without selective pressure compared to strains generated by plasmid transformation. This demonstrates that the SAGE method effectively reduces plasmid loss, thereby improving the stable expression of exogenous genes (Adapted from Elmore et al., 2023). 8 Concluding Remarks The exploration of genomic selection (GS) within the context of livestock breeding reveals a transformative shift in how genetic improvement is pursued across various species. GS has provided unprecedented opportunities for enhancing genetic gain, improving breeding efficiency, and addressing complex challenges within the livestock industry. As we look toward the future, the continued advancement and application of GS will play a critical role in shaping the global landscape of livestock production. The key findings from the analysis of GS in livestock breeding underscore its profound impact on accelerating genetic improvement. GS allows for the early selection of breeding candidates based on genomic data, significantly reducing the generation interval and enhancing the accuracy of breeding decisions. This technology has been widely adopted across various species, including dairy and beef cattle, swine, poultry, and small ruminants, leading to substantial gains in productivity, disease resistance, and other economically important traits. Despite these successes, challenges remain, particularly regarding the integration of GS into traditional breeding programs, managing genetic diversity, and addressing ethical and economic concerns. The impact of GS on the future of livestock breeding is expected to be far-reaching. The integration of emerging technologies such as CRISPR and AI with GS will enable even more precise and targeted genetic improvements. These advancements will likely lead to the development of livestock that are more resilient to environmental changes, possess enhanced production traits, and contribute to more sustainable farming practices. Additionally, the expansion of GS to new species, including aquaculture and underutilized livestock breeds, holds significant promise for addressing global food security challenges. As GS continues to evolve, it will become an essential tool for breeders, enabling the development of livestock that meet the diverse needs of a growing global population. The evolution of breeding strategies has been marked by the transition from traditional phenotypic selection to the integration of advanced genomic technologies. GS represents a significant milestone in this evolution, offering a more efficient and accurate approach to genetic improvement. However, the success of GS depends on the careful management of its implementation, particularly concerning genetic diversity, ethical considerations, and the
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