Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 228-238 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 235 welfare, immunity, and disease. Veterinary epidemiology plays a crucial role in disease prevention and control, with biosecurity measures being vital for maintaining disease-free animal populations. The ethical and legal responsibilities towards animals necessitate preventive measures to ensure their welfare, particularly in the context of specific diseases affecting sheep. Various strategies, including movement control, quarantine, vaccination, and treatment, are employed globally to control animal diseases, with success depending on the strength of veterinary services and cross-border cooperation. The interplay between disease protection and animal protection often results in synergistic benefits, although contradictions can arise, particularly in the context of animal transport. Preparedness and proven management techniques are essential for minimizing the adverse impact of disease outbreaks on animal welfare. Farmers' perspectives on disease prevention and biosecurity highlight the need for better information and motivation to implement preventive measures. Ethical considerations also extend to the welfare of free-living wild animals, where interventions should be carefully weighed. Finally, the development of a modern animal disease prevention and control system is crucial for ensuring animal and public health, as demonstrated by China’s progress in this area. The findings underscore the importance of integrating disease prevention and control measures with animal welfare practices. Effective veterinary services and good management practices not only prevent disease outbreaks but also enhance the overall well-being of animals. The ethical responsibility towards animals necessitates a proactive approach to disease prevention, ensuring that animals are not only healthy but also free from pain and distress. Biosecurity measures are critical in maintaining disease-free environments, which directly impacts animal welfare by reducing morbidity and mortality rates. The synergy between disease protection and animal protection highlights the dual benefits of preventive measures, although care must be taken to address potential contradictions, especially during transport. Preparedness and emergency management are vital for minimizing the impact of disease outbreaks on animal welfare, ensuring that animals receive timely and appropriate care. Understanding farmers' perspectives and providing them with adequate information and motivation can lead to better implementation of preventive measures, ultimately improving animal welfare. Ethical interventions for free-living wild animals should be carefully considered to avoid unintended consequences, ensuring that welfare improvements are genuinely beneficial. The development of robust animal disease prevention and control systems, as seen in China, is essential for safeguarding animal welfare on a broader scale. In conclusion, the integration of disease prevention and control measures with animal welfare practices is essential for ensuring the health and well-being of animals. Effective veterinary services, good management practices, and robust biosecurity measures are critical components of this integration. Ethical considerations and preparedness are also vital in minimizing the adverse impact of disease outbreaks on animal welfare. By understanding and addressing the perspectives of farmers and other stakeholders, we can enhance the implementation of preventive measures, leading to improved animal welfare. The progress made in countries like China demonstrates the importance of developing modern animal disease prevention and control systems that align with public health and biosafety goals. Continued research and collaboration are necessary to further refine these practices and ensure that animal welfare remains a priority in disease prevention and control efforts. Acknowledgements Author would like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their critical assessment and constructive suggestions on our manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure Author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Al-Shuwaili A., and Tarsh J., 2022, Control of infectious diseases in farm animals in iraq, Iraq Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection, 14(2):121-126. https://doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc14.2.2022.(14)
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