Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 178-186 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 178 Research Insight Open Access CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for Enhancing Disease Resistance in Cattle Xiaofang Lin Tropical Animal Medicine Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China Corresponding email: xiaofang.lin@hitar.org Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.2 doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0019 Received: 17 Feb., 2024 Accepted: 31 Mar., 2024 Published: 16 Apr., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Lin, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li X.F., 2024, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for enhancing disease resistance in cattle, Animal Molecular Breeding, 14(2): 178-186 (doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0019) Abstract This study explores the application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology to enhance disease resistance in cattle. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has demonstrated significant potential in editing genes to confer disease resistance in livestock. Notable successes include the insertion of the NRAMP1 gene, which has been shown to increase resistance to bovine tuberculosis. The homology-mediated end-joining (HMEJ) method has further improved the efficiency of gene editing in cattle, leading to higher rates of successful gene integration and expression. This study highlights the feasibility and effectiveness of CRISPR-Cas9 in producing disease-resistant livestock. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing represents a promising tool for enhancing disease resistance in cattle. The technology's ability to precisely modify specific genes associated with disease susceptibility offers a powerful approach to improving livestock health and reducing the economic impact of diseases. By targeting specific genes associated with disease resistance, this study to develop cattle that are more resilient to common and detrimental diseases, thereby improving livestock health and productivity. Keywords CRISPR-Cas9; Gene editing; Disease resistance; Cattle; Livestock health 1 Introduction Disease resistance in cattle is a critical trait that significantly impacts livestock productivity, animal welfare, and the economic viability of farming operations. Disease resistance refers to the ability of animals to inhibit the growth of invading pathogens within their bodies, which is influenced by the interaction of the host immune system, host genetics, and the pathogens themselves (Islam et al., 2020; Yuan et al., 2021). The production of disease-resistant cattle can be achieved through molecular breeding techniques that introduce genomic markers responsible for disease resistance or immunocompetence (Wan et al., 2020). Despite the potential benefits, enhancing disease resistance in cattle presents several challenges. Traditional breeding methods are often time-consuming and may not always yield the desired results due to the complex nature of genetic traits associated with disease resistance (Wang et al., 2022). Additionally, the occurrence of diseases adversely affects livestock production and animal welfare, impacting both human health and public perception of animal-originated food production. The need for effective disease control approaches has led to the exploration of advanced biotechnological methods, including genome editing, to improve host genetic resistance (Ran et al., 2013; Islam et al., 2020). CRISPR-Cas9 technology has emerged as a powerful tool for genome editing, enabling precise modifications of the DNA sequence by inserting, deleting, or altering specific genes (Arora and Narula, 2017; Shimatani et al., 2017; Islam et al., 2020). This technology has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering due to its ease of use, high success rate, and cost-effectiveness compared to other genome editing techniques such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) (Hong et al., 2020). The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been successfully applied in various agricultural contexts, including the development of disease-resistant livestock and crops (Borrelli et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2022). This study comprehensively examines the potential and limitations of CRISPR-Cas9 in livestock disease management by reviewing recent research advancements and relevant case studies, analyzing technological progress in livestock immunogenomics, the principles and applications of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome
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