Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 82-85 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 85 2RCY), which profoundly impacted the complexity and diversity of vertebrate genomes. The eel genome exhibits extensive gene loss, particularly genes related to eye and skeletal development, explaining the simplification of its body structure. Additionally, gene-programmed deletion phenomena occurring during the early developmental stages of eels reveal the critical roles of these genes in eel reproduction and development. Overall, this study provides important insights into the early evolution and genome dynamics of vertebrates through an in-depth analysis of the eel genome. These findings not only reveal genomic structural differences between eels and lampreys but also provide new data to understand the complex evolutionary processes of vertebrate genomes. 3 Evaluation of the Research This study, through high-quality genome assembly and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, has significantly advanced our understanding of the early evolution of vertebrates and genome polyploidization events. The findings reveal notable differences in genomic structure between eels and lampreys, providing crucial evidence for the phylogenetic relationships between jawless and jawed vertebrates. The research also uncovered whole-genome duplication events experienced by vertebrate ancestors and their impact on genome structure and function, which is of great importance for understanding the complexity and diversity of vertebrate genomes. Additionally, the extensive gene loss and programmed deletion phenomena observed in the eel genome during its evolutionary process offer a new perspective on the genomic dynamics of jawless fish. However, despite the valuable data provided by the study, further research is needed to reveal more details about the functional and evolutionary aspects of the eel genome. Overall, this study provides a solid foundation for understanding the genomic evolution of vertebrates. 4 Concluding Remarks This study, through high-resolution sequencing and detailed analysis of the brown eel genome, has revealed key genomic events in the early evolution of vertebrates. The research found that vertebrate genomes have undergone multiple whole-genome duplications, which have profoundly impacted the complexity and diversity of the genome. The first whole-genome duplication occurred during the vertebrate ancestor period, followed by independent polyploidization events in jawed vertebrates and jawless fish. These polyploidization events shaped the basic architecture of existing vertebrate genomes. Additionally, eels experienced extensive gene loss during their genomic evolution, particularly genes related to eye and skeletal development, explaining the simplification of their body structure. The study also revealed that eels eliminate specific genes in germ cells through gene-programmed deletion during early development, a mechanism that is significant in jawless fish. Overall, this study provides new perspectives and a solid data foundation for understanding the early genomic evolution of vertebrates, advancing our deep understanding of vertebrate genome dynamics and evolutionary processes. 5 Access Original Paper Marlétaz, F., Timoshevskaya, N., Timoshevskiy, V.A. et al. The hagfish genome and the evolution of vertebrates. Nature 627, 811–820 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07070-3 Acknowledgments Thank you to the open access policy of Nature, which allows us to widely access and study this important document. We are grateful to all the researchers involved in this study and their institutions for their support and contributions, as it is their efforts that have made these significant findings possible. If the perspective of this review differs from the intentions of the authors, I sincerely apologize and hope that our analysis provides valuable perspectives and insights for our readers. Disclaimer/Publishing House Statement The statements, opinions, and data contained in all publications represent only individual authors and contributors themselves, and do not represent the views of the publishing house and/or its editors. The publishing house and/or its editors shall not be liable for any harm or damage to persons or property that may arise from the viewpoints, methods, guidance, or products discussed in the application content. The publishing house maintains neutrality in its jurisdictional requirements and institutional relationships regarding published maps.
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