Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 72-81 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 79 5 Effects of Environmental Factors on DNA Methylation in Pomeranians 5.1 Diet and DNA methylation Diet is an important environmental factor in Pomeranian epigenetic regulation and is considered to play a key regulatory role in DNA methylation. Studies have shown that the dietary components of Pomeranians can affect the methyl donors in their bodies, thus affecting the methylation levels of DNA. Different types of foods contain different levels of methyl donors. For example, foods rich in folate may promote DNA methylation, while some antioxidants may play a role in reducing DNA methylation levels. Changes in diet may also affect DNA methylation by regulating the expression of related genes. Pomeranians may have different needs for specific nutrients under different physiological states, which may lead to changes in the methylation pattern of the gene promoter region, thereby regulating the expression level of the gene. Therefore, in-depth study of the relationship between Pomeranian diet and DNA methylation will help to better understand the mechanisms of health and disease development. 5.2 Relationship between environmental exposure and epigenetic regulation Pomeranians live in different environments and are exposed to different substances and factors, and these environmental exposures may have an impact on their epigenetic regulation. Environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, and climatic conditions are considered to potentially affect gene expression by changing DNA methylation levels (Peng et al., 2023). Research shows that certain chemicals may act as methyl donors or demethylating agents and directly participate in the DNA methylation process. Exposure of Pomeranians to these chemicals may cause changes in their DNA methylation levels, thereby affecting the expression of related genes. Environmental factors may also indirectly affect epigenetic regulation by affecting the physiological state of Pomeranians. For example, climate change may cause changes in Pomeranian metabolism and immune systems, affecting patterns of DNA methylation. There is a complex relationship between environmental exposure and Pomeranian DNA methylation. In-depth study of these relationships will not only help reveal the mechanism of epigenetic regulation, but also provide important reference and guidance for the health management of Pomeranians. In future studies, a more refined exploration of the effects of different environmental factors on DNA methylation and how these effects play a role in the Pomeranian's life cycle is needed. This will help researchers more comprehensively understand the role of DNA methylation in Pomeranian epigenetic regulation and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. 6 Outlook and Summary With the continuous progress in the field of epigenetics, it is particularly important to explore more sophisticated epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in Pomeranians. Future research can focus on discovering new epigenetic marks and regulatory elements and in-depth analysis of their synergistic effects with DNA methylation (Zhao et al., 2021). By combining advanced methods such as gene editing technology, we can more comprehensively understand the regulatory network of Pomeranian genetic expression, providing a more in-depth foundation for breeding and disease research. With the continuous advancement of technology, especially the widespread application of high-throughput technologies such as methylomics and single-cell sequencing, researchers are expected to gain a deeper understanding of the function of DNA methylation in Pomeranians (Liu et al., 2023). Through large-scale sample analysis, it is possible to reveal the differences in DNA methylation in different tissues and organs, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of its precise regulation in physiological and developmental processes. This will provide people with more detailed genetic information and lay the foundation for further research on Pomeranian health, behavior and breed characteristics. Over time, the life cycle of individuals in the Pomeranian population has changed, and long-term follow-up studies will become the key to understanding the relationship between DNA methylation and disease. By tracking
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