Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 72-81 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 75 process is not only highly specific, but also reversible. Through such methyl group transfer, DNA methyltransferase achieves orderly regulation of the methylation pattern of DNA molecules. This has a direct impact on gene expression, as methylated cytosines are often associated with gene silencing. The mechanism of action of DNA methyltransferases masters the key steps of DNA methylation at the molecular level. The precision and complexity of this mechanism provides a sophisticated and effective tool for genetic regulation in Pomeranians and other organisms, with profound effects on their growth, development, health, and adaptability to the environment. 2.3 Balanced regulation of methylation and demethylation DNA methylation and demethylation constitute a delicately balanced system, which is crucial to the normal function and adaptability of cells. Demethylation refers to the removal of methyl groups on DNA molecules, and the process is mainly assisted by demethylases. This mechanism not only plays a key role in maintaining genome stability, but also allows cells to flexibly respond to changes in the internal and external environment. The process of demethylation is essentially a sophisticated and orderly regulatory network. The activity of demethylases is tightly regulated, ensuring precise removal of methyl groups when needed, while otherwise maintaining the methylation status of the genome. This balance control mechanism has important biological significance in Pomeranians. In the growth and development of Pomeranians, the balanced regulation of demethylation is crucial for the normal expression of genes and the process of cell differentiation. Different growth stages and tissue types may present different DNA methylation patterns, which reflects the importance of demethylation processes in dynamic regulation. For example, in Pomeranian embryonic development, demethylation may play a key role in cell differentiation and organ formation. This balance regulation mechanism is also closely related to the health status of Pomeranians. Abnormal DNA methylation status may lead to abnormal regulation of gene expression, thereby causing various diseases. In Pomeranians, this can involve genetic disorders, immune system disorders, and other health issues. Therefore, a deep understanding of the balancing mechanisms of methylation and demethylation is crucial to maintaining the overall health of Pomeranians. By gaining a deeper understanding of the basic process of DNA methylation, people can better understand the function and significance of this epigenetic regulatory mechanism in Pomeranians. This study will further explore the current research status of DNA methylation in Pomeranians and its role in health and disease. 3 Current Research Status of DNA Methylation in Pomeranians 3.1 Previous research results As a popular pet breed, the genetic traits of the Pomeranian have always attracted much attention (Santifort et al., 2023). Previous studies have revealed the relationship between genetic traits and DNA methylation in Pomeranians through DNA methylation investigations. These studies used high-throughput sequencing technology to conduct large-scale DNA methylation analysis on the Pomeranian population, paying particular attention to sites related to body size, coat color, intelligence and other characteristics. By comparing the DNA methylation profiles of individuals with different phenotypes, researchers found that some specific methylation patterns were significantly correlated with specific genetic traits. For example, some previous studies may have discovered methylation differences related to Pomeranian coat color, which provides new clues to explain Pomeranian coat color variation (Figure 1). There are also some studies focusing on the health characteristics of Pomeranians. By analyzing DNA methylation changes related to genetic diseases, they provide new ideas for early prediction and treatment of related diseases.
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