Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 36-44 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 38 performance can be identified, providing important genetic information for poultry breeding (Mengesha et al., 2022). 1.2 Main genetic factors affecting egg production performance The major genetic factors affecting poultry egg-laying performance are multifaceted and include genetic variation, chromosomal rearrangements, and regulation of gene expression. In numerous studies, scientists have identified specific genes and genetic markers that are closely related to the number of eggs laid, egg size, eggshell quality, and yolk and protein composition in poultry. A number of specific genetic variants affect ovarian development and function, which in turn affects egg production. Genes related to sex hormone synthesis and metabolism also have a direct impact on egg production performance. The mechanisms of action of these genetic factors are complex and varied and include, but are not limited to, influencing hormone levels, regulating metabolic pathways, and controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Laying performance is also genetically linked to other economic traits in poultry, such as growth rate, feed efficiency, and disease resistance. Such correlations suggest that certain genetic factors may affect more than one trait at the same time, or that there are genetic synergistic or antagonistic effects between different traits. For example, fast-growing poultry breeds may affect egg production due to differences in energy partitioning, whereas excellent feed efficiency not only improves growth rate, but may also indirectly increase egg production by improving nutritional status. A deeper understanding of these genetic factors and their interactions is important for balancing and optimizing multiple economic traits in poultry and can guide more precise and efficient poultry breeding strategies (Figure 2). Figure 2 The interaction relationship between genetic variations in poultry egg production performance 1.3 Genetic association between egg production performance and other economic traits Poultry egg production performance does not exist in isolation, and it is genetically linked to other economic traits, such as growth rate, feed efficiency, meat quality traits, and so on, in a complex way. This means that improving one trait during breeding may affect the performance of other traits. For example, excessive pursuit of increased growth rate may reduce egg-laying performance because rapid growth may consume energy and resources that could be used for egg production (Wang et al., 2021). Improvements in feed efficiency also need to be considered along with their possible effects on egg production performance. Poultry breeding should not only consider the improvement of a single trait, but also the balance and coordination among economic traits. Through methods such as genetic correlation and path analysis, the genetic relationship between different economic traits can be revealed, providing a scientific basis for the development of comprehensive breeding strategies. The genetic background of poultry egg-laying performance is complex, involving the interaction of multiple genes and genetic factors. In-depth study of the genetic variation of poultry egg-laying performance, the main genetic factors affecting egg-laying performance, as well as the genetic association between egg-laying performance and other economic traits can provide scientific guidance and basis for poultry breeding. With the development of molecular biology and genetics technology, the future of poultry breeding will be more accurate and efficient, and
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