Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 36-44 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 36 Review and Progress Open Access Genetic Research on Egg Production Performance in Poultry: From the Perspective of Whole Genome Association Analysis KelinPan Modern Agricultural Research Center of Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author email: 177242186@qq.com Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0005 Received: 17 Nov., 2023 Accepted: 30 Dec., 2023 Published: 21 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Pan, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Pan K.L., Genetic research on egg production performance in poultry: from the perspective of whole genome association analysis, Animal Molecular Breeding, 14(1): 36-44 (doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0005) Abstract With the growth of global food demand, improving the egg production performance of poultry has become an important goal in animal husbandry and genetic research. This study comprehensively analyzed the application and achievements of whole genome association analysis (Genome-wide association study, GWAS) in revealing the genetic basis of poultry egg production performance, highlighting the important contribution of GWAS technology in identifying key genetic markers and associated regions that affect egg production performance. By reviewing and analyzing recent research cases, this study demonstrates how GWAS can help scientists gain a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying poultry egg production performance and provide targeted strategies for genetic improvement in poultry. We also discussed the challenges faced by current methods, including the complexity of statistical correction, the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and how to effectively apply GWAS findings to breeding practices. This study provides prospects for the future development of genetic research on poultry egg production performance, emphasizing the importance of integrating emerging genetic editing technologies, improving individual genome selection accuracy, and developing precision animal husbandry. It not only provides scientific basis for genetic improvement of poultry egg production performance, but also contributes new ideas to the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Keywords Genome-wide association study; Poultry egg production performance; Genetic markers; Genetic improvement; Precision animal husbandry Poultry, especially chickens and ducks, as the main egg-producing animals in the world, their egg-laying performance is not only related to the economic efficiency of the livestock industry, but also has a direct impact on the nutritional intake and food safety of human beings. Eggs, as foods rich in high quality proteins, vitamins and minerals, have been an integral part of several cultures and diets around the world. Improving the egg-laying performance of poultry means that the growing global demand for food can be met more efficiently, while increasing the productivity and economic returns of the livestock industry. Genetic factors play a decisive role in the improvement of poultry laying performance. Historically, humans have optimized the egg-laying capacity of poultry to some extent by selecting and breeding top-performing poultry breeds (Figure 1). However, this traditional breeding method is often time-consuming, inefficient, and does not allow for precise control of improved genetic traits. With the rapid development of molecular biology and genetics, scientists have begun to explore more precise methods to analyze the genetic mechanisms affecting poultry egg-laying performance (Chen et al., 2021). The emergence of genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology has provided a powerful tool for unraveling the genetic basis of complex traits, which can help scientists identify key genetic variants that affect poultry egg production performance by analyzing the association between thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and specific traits. In the genome and specific traits, GWAS can help scientists identify key genetic variants that affect poultry egg-laying performance. Compared with traditional breeding, GWAS not only accelerates the process of genetic improvement, but also improves the accuracy of the improvement, providing new ideas and methods for poultry breeding (Huang et al., 2022).
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