Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 19-26 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 22 Figure 2 Causes and symptoms of five major cat diseases In addition, studies have found that some immune-related genes differ among cat breeds, which may lead to differences in the susceptibility of different breeds to specific pathogens. Therefore, the selection and cultivation of disease-resistant germplasm based on genotype is expected to provide an effective means to improve the overall resistance of cats. 2.2.2 Immune response regulatory genes The balance and regulation of immune responses are critical to maintaining the normal function of the immune system. In this context, some genes encode proteins that act as regulators of immune responses. These genes may be involved in processes such as activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of immune cells to ensure that the immune system can respond quickly and orderly when facing pathogens. Studies have found that in certain disease states, the abnormal expression of these regulatory genes may lead to excessive activation or suppression of the immune system, thereby triggering the occurrence of autoimmune diseases or infections. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of immune response regulatory genes will help reveal the molecular basis of the balance of the cat immune system and provide new strategies for disease treatment and prevention. Research on immune system-related genes can not only deepen people's understanding of the immune mechanism of cats, but is also expected to provide important scientific basis for disease prevention and genetic improvement of related genes. 2.3 Genes related to hair and skin development The morphology and characteristics of hair and skin are significant signs of a cat's appearance, and the regulation of their development and characteristics mainly involves a series of complex gene networks. 2.3.1 Genes related to hair color and pattern Cats display a diverse combination of coat colors and patterns, which originate from a series of key genes in the genome involved in pigment synthesis and distribution. Among them, the genes in the pigment production pathway encode the synthesis of enzymes, which have a direct impact on the depth, brightness and hue of the color. Studies have found that variations in genes such as TYR (tyrosinase) (Yu et al., 2019) and MC1R (α-MSH receptor) can lead to variations in the production of melanin or red pigment, thereby affecting the color of cat hair. In addition, some genes such as KITand EDNRBplay key roles in pattern formation and regulate the arrangement and distribution of hair on the body. By in-depth understanding of the functions of these genes, researchers can reveal the mechanisms of hair color and pattern formation, providing a scientific basis for breeding cats with special appearance characteristics.
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