Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 19-26 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 21 2 Key Genes in the Cat Genome Cats’ behavior, immune system, hair and skin development and other characteristics are deeply regulated by the genome. 2.1 Behavior-related genes Cats’ behavioral characteristics are largely regulated by genes, which not only affect their social interactions with humans and other cats, but also involve aspects such as hunting behavior and locomotion. 2.1.1 Cat social behavior and cognitive ability-related genes Cats are naturally highly social animals, and their social behavior and cognitive abilities have complex regulatory mechanisms at the genetic level. Some genes, such as OXTR(Oxytocin receptor gene) (Jurek and Neumann, 2018) and CD38 (Cyclophosphatase gene), have been found to be closely related to cat social behavior. The proteins encoded by these genes play key roles in the nervous system, regulating cats' responses to social stimuli and their perception of the environment. Further research found that a gene related to the establishment of interpersonal relationships, V1aR (Vasopressin 1a receptor) and GNB3 (G protein-coupled receptor gene), also plays an important role in cats' social behavior. Variations in these genes may cause cats to exhibit different behavioral patterns when faced with unfamiliar environments or new social partners, revealing the diversity in the genetics of social behavior. In addition, genes related to spatial memory and learning abilities, such as BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene) and COMT (Catechol O-methyltransferase gene), also play key roles in cats’ cognitive abilities. Through the study of these genes, people can better understand cats' ability to adapt to environmental changes and their individual differences in learning new tasks. 2.1.2 Genes related to hunting behavior and movement ability A cat's hunting instinct is a natural manifestation of its status as a predator, and this behavior is closely related to specific genes in its genome. The study found that genes related to athletic ability and hunting skills are mainly involved in muscle development, nerve conduction and coordination. MYOD1 (Muscle development transcription factor gene) and ACTN3 (α-actin genes) are two genes related to muscle development and motor performance that may play an important role in cats' hunting behavior. Variations in these genes may affect the growth and strength of a cat's muscle tissue, affecting its efficiency and speed when catching prey. Genes in the nervous system, such as TH (Tyrosine hydroxylase gene) and SLC6A3 (Dopamine transporter gene), also affect the cat's movement coordination and reaction speed. By in-depth study of the functions of these genes, people can better understand the synergy of cats' nervous systems during hunting, and provide scientific basis for improving cats' hunting skills. Research on behavior-related genes not only helps reveal the molecular mechanisms behind cat behavior, but also provides a potential path for optimizing cat behavioral characteristics through gene editing and other means. 2.2 Immune system related genes The immune system is your cat's body’s internal line of defense, protecting it from pathogens. The study of immune system-related genes involves genes related to resistance to disease and infection and immune response regulatory genes, which is crucial for a deep understanding of the immune mechanism of cats. 2.2.1 Genes related to resistance to disease and infection Cats are exposed to a variety of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites in their daily lives (Figure 2). The difference in resistance is mainly affected by gene expression. The expression levels of specific genes may determine a cat's ability to resist infection by different pathogens. For example, some genes may encode receptors on the surface of immune cells that are critical for the recognition and elimination of specific pathogens. By studying these genes in depth, researchers can identify key immune response elements, providing a theoretical basis for improving cats' overall immune levels.
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