Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 10-18 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 10 Research Report Open Access Genetic Resolution of Disease Resistance in Poultry: A Genome-Wide Association Study Perspective Mengyue Chen Biotechnology Reseach Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 1348601583@qq.com Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0002 Received: 03 Nov., 2023 Accepted: 17 Dec., 2023 Published: 08 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Chen, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Chen M.Y., 2024, Genetic resolution of disease resistance in poultry: a genome-wide association study perspective, Animal Molecular Breeding, 14(1): 10-18 (doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0002) Abstract Poultry diseases pose a serious threat to agricultural production, and resistance is one of the key factors for effective disease response. The aim of this study was to resolve the genetic basis of resistance in poultry through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. A series of poultry populations stomach-selected for reference experimental subjects, including chickens, ducks and geese, were scanned genome-wide. Association analysis of thousands of loci successfully identified multiple genetic variants associated with poultry disease resistance. These variants are involved in key biological processes such as immune-related genes, inflammatory pathways and antiviral responses. Significant differences in resistance genotypes and frequencies were also found among different poultry breeds, which provide important clues for further improvement of poultry disease resistance. Keywords Poultry diseases; Resistance; Genetic analysis; Genome-wide association studies; Immune genes In today's society, the poultry industry, as an important part of the global agricultural economy, plays a vital role in human food supply and nutritional security. However, poultry production faces many challenges, one of which is the threat of various poultry diseases. These diseases not only pose a threat to the health and welfare of poultry, but can also lead to significant economic losses and pose indirect risks to human health. Understanding the genetic basis of poultry diseases, especially through genome-wide association study (GWAS) to reveal the mechanisms of disease resistance in poultry, has become one of the important directions of current scientific research. Poultry diseases cause huge economic losses to agricultural production worldwide. According to statistics, avian influenza alone may cause billions of dollars in economic losses each year. In addition to direct production losses, poultry diseases may cause international trade restrictions, increase the cost of vaccination and treatment, and even threaten human food safety and public health. Poultry disease outbreaks may also lead to price fluctuations in poultry products, affecting consumer choice and nutritional intake (Liu, 2023). Genetic factors play an important role in the development of disease resistance in poultry. By studying genetic variation in poultry, scientists can identify genes and genetic markers associated with disease resistance. This genetic information is important for improving poultry breeds and enhancing their resistance to specific diseases. For poultry populations that are highly susceptible to avian influenza, genetic selection and breeding strategies can produce poultry breeds that are resistant to avian influenza, thereby reducing the incidence and spread of the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are powerful scientific tools that help scientists identify genes that influence disease resistance in poultry by analyzing associations between genetic variants and specific traits across the genome (Dong et al., 2023).The application of GWAS has greatly advanced the understanding of poultry genetics, particularly in the mechanisms of disease resistance. Through GWAS, researchers have been able to identify key genetic loci associated with resistance in the poultry genome, providing molecular markers for breeding and making selection more precise and efficient.The application of GWAS has also helped to unravel the mechanisms of resistance in poultry to a variety of diseases, which provides a scientific basis for the development of new prevention strategies and vaccines.
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