International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.59: 1-5
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were collected from 3 stasions in Rawameneng and 3
stations in Blanakan. The coordinates from every
stations were showed in the table 5.
Fish, shrimp, mangrove and sediment samples were
collected from two primary locations, first from
Rawameneng fish farm (Figure 1) and second from
Blanakan fish farm (Figure 2).
In each location, sediments were collected using Ekman
grab, while mangrove parts (root, stem and leave)
were taken using stainless steel knife. Then, samples
preserved and stored in cooler box and freezed at -20̊
C until further analysis.
Heavy metal analysis
Heavy metal (Cu) content in mangroves and
sediments were measured using Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer (AAS). First, sediments were dried
for 5 hours at 105 ºC and mangrove parts were dried
at 80 ºC using Neycraft oven. Dried sediment samples
were destructed using aquaregia (HNO3:HCl=3:1) +
HF, and dried mangrove samples were destructed
using aquregia. Samples then heated on hot plate until
the solution volume shrank to 1 – 3 ml. Furthermore,
samples were hommogenized. Now, samples were
ready for the heavy metal (Cu) analysis using AAS
Shimadzu 6300. Performance of the instrument was
checked by analyzing the reference standard solution.
Water quality parameter
Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, Salinity, and temperature
were measured using DO meter (Lutron DO-5510),
pH meter, Master Refractometer Atago, thermometer,
respectively.
Bioconcentration and translocation factor
Bioconcentration factor was measured using formula
(Cui et al. 2007),
Translocation factor can be calculated using follow
formula (Cui et al. 2007),
Result and Discussion
Based on the water quality measurement (Table 1)
it seems that the highest temperature at Rawameneng
ponds was in station 1, which is close to population/housing,
while highest DO and salinity were in station 3, it is
because this station close to coastal area where mixing
of sea water and freshwater occurs. Moreover, the
content of Cu in mangrove stem was higher compared
to root and leaf. This is supported by the high
temperature and low salinity. The high temperature
can cause the rate of metabolism higher, as a
consequence, metals can easily dissolve, while lower
salinity can cause the metal released in the environment
and absorbed by mangrove. On the contrary, higher
salinity in station 3 makes the content of Cu in root
higher compared to stem or leaf.
Meanwhile, Table 2 showed the bioaccumulation
factor (BCF) of Cu in
Avicennia
sp., it seems that
station 1 also has the highest BCF in root, stem, and
leaf. That is because station 1 located very close to the
population/housing.
Based on water quality measurement, it seems that in
Blanakan ponds the value of temperature, pH, and DO
where not much different, however, for salinity,
station 3 has the highest value (Table 3). The highest
content of Cu in the sediment and root of mangrove
were found at station 1. This is because the temperature in
this site was also higher than other station. High
temperature will cause the rate of metabolism inside
of the body of mangrove increase. Bioconcentration
factor of Cu in
Avicennia
sp. was highest in stem at
station 2. The low salinity at station 2 (Table 4) cause
the metals easily to be released.
Based on Table 4, it can be said that
Avicennia
sp.
found at both location mostly has translocation factor
more than 1. It seems that this plant has good
translocation potency in order to move metals,
especially Cu from one organ to another. Chakraborty
et al. (2013) and Nath (2014) explained that
translocation of Cu by
Avicennia marina
was high.
Conclusion
Salinity and temperature have very important role in
determining te easiness of metals to be dissolved in
the environment. Location of ponds close to
population or housing have higher metals content than
ones that far away from human activities. Stem of
