Biomaterial and Biomedicine, 2013, Vol.2, No.1, 1-5
http://bb.sophiapublisher.com
1
Research Report Open Access
Cytotoxic Activity of Sponge Extract and Cancer Cell Lines from Selected Sponges
K. Chairman , A.J.A. Ranjit Singh
Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu,
India - 627 412
Corresponding author email:
singhspkcc@gmail.com
;
Authors
Biomaterial and Biomedicine, 2013, Vol.2, No.1 doi: 10.5376/bb.2013.02.0001
Received: 21 Dec., 2012
Accepted: 09 Jan., 2013
Published: 19 Feb., 2013
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Chairman and Ranjit Singh, 2013,
Cytotoxic Activity of Sponge Extract and Cancer Cell Lines from Selected Sponges, Biomaterial and Biomedicine, Vol 2,
No.1 1-5 (doi: 10.5376/bb.2013.02.0001)
Abstract
In this study, the ancancer activity exhibited by sponge fraction extracts from
Aurora globostellata
from Turicorin
coasts. Antitumoural activities were determined by a cytotoxic assay with three different tumoural cells lines HeLa (Human cervical
cancer), Raw 264.7 (Mouse leukaemic monocyte macrophage cell line) and HEK-293 (Human kidney cell line). Among the species
under study,
Aurora globostellata
,
displayed a high anticancer activity. Further to the fractionation of these crude extracts, a
significant correlation was found in most fractions between the high anticancer activity and the high phenolic content.
Aurora
globostellata
marine sponge exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against all tumoural cells.
Keywords
Marine sponge; Phenolic compound; Antitumour activity; MTT assay
1.
Introduction
In opposition to terrestrial natural products knowledge,
the studies with marine natural products are quite
young. However, despite the short time, this field has
been conquering an important status among chemists
and pharmacologists. Studies with marine natural
products showed a variety of organic compounds
derived from marine species with known and with
novel biological activities. Sponges are among the
most studied zoological groups by marine chemists
and pharmacologists, while showing the highest rates
of cytotoxic molecules. Several studies also describe
antitumor activity (Osinga et al.,
1998,
Faulkner, 2000;
Prado et al.
,
2004).
Natural products and their analogs or molecules
derived there of comprise approximately 50% of the
drugs presently used for clinical purposes. Regarding
anticancer drugs, 63% of them fall into this category
(
Cragg and Newman, 2009; Newman and Cragg,
2007).
However, and despite the high number of
available drugs, there is a growing need to develop
more specific agents to treat cancers, particularly
chemo-resistant tumors (Lima et al., 2007).
Bio-discovery is the extraction and testing of
molecules for biological activity, identification of
compounds with promise for further development, and
research on the molecular basis for the biological
activity.
Today, more than 60 % of the anticancer drugs
commercially available are of natural origin (Cragg et
al., 1997). The relevance of the sea as a tool to discover
novel anticancer compounds was validated by the
discovery, development and marketing approval of
1-
beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ARA-C) (Bergmann
et al., 1950). ARA-C is a basic component in the
curative setting of acute myeloid leukaemia (Wolf et al.,
1985).
The available results clearly anticipated the
potential of the marine ecosystem in cancer therapy.
During the last decade about 2500 new metabolites
with antiproliferative activity have been reported;
about 68 of which are new marine derived anticancer
chemical entities, most of them with undetermined
modes of action (Mayer et al., 2003).
Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743) (Trabectedin, Yondelis)
is
a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid derived from the
colonial tunicate
Ecteinascidia turbinata
(
Rinehart et
al., 1999), a tunicate that lives in clusters in the
Caribbean and Mediterranean seas. The compound
demonstrated very potent activity against a broad