IJCCR 2013, Vol.3, No.2, 7
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http://jiccr.sophiapublisher.com
34
Table 2 Antibacterial activity of the extract of the sponge
Spirastrella inconstans var.moeandrina Dendy
tested against biofilm
isolated pathogens
Zone of inhibition (diameter)
Microorganisms
20
µL
40
µL
60
µL
Tetracycline
Proteus mirabilis
11.33
±0.66
13.33
±0.66
16.33
±0.33
10.33
±0.33
Escherichia coli
10.33
±0.33
11.00
±0.57
12.33
±0.33
10.00
±0.57
Staphylococcus epidermidis
10.66
±0.33
11.66
±0.33
12.00
±0.57
10.33
±0.33
Neisseria gonnorrhaea
9.33
±0.66
11.33
±0.33
14.66
±0.33
10.33
±0.33
Staphylococcus aureus
11.00
±1.00
12.33
±0.33
13.00
±0.57
10.33
±0.33
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
9.33
±0.66
10.33
±0.33
12.33
±0.33
9.00
±0.57
Candida albicans
12.66
±0.66
10.33
±0.33
16.33
±0.33
11.33
±0.66
Table 3 Antibacterial activity of the extract of the sponge
Aurora globostellata
tested against biofilm isolated pathogens
Zone of inhibition (diameter)
Microorganisms
20
µL
40
µL
60
µL
Tetracycline
Proteus mirabilis
12.66
±0.66
15.00
±0.57
16.33
±0.33
10.00
±0.57
Escherichia coli
10.66
±0.66
13.33
±0.33
14.66
±0.66
10.66
±0.66
Staphylococcus epidermidis
13.00
±0.57
14.66
±0.33
15.71
±0.78
12.33
±0.33
Neisseria gonnorrhaea
9.33
±0.66
10.33
±0.33
12.33
±0.33
11.00
±0.57
Staphylococcus aureus
11.00
±0.57
11.66
±0.33
13.33
±0.66
10.66
±0.33
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
10.33
±0.33
13.00
±0.33
15.33
±0.33
10.00
±1.00
Candida albicans
10.33
±0.33
10.66
±0.33
11.33
±0.33
9.66
±0.66
There are many reports on the effect of the extracts of
sponges to prevent microbial biofilm formation on
non-medical implants. This has been extensively
reviewed (Stowe et al., 2011). According to th e
previous reports it is u nderstand that the bioactive
compounds in the sponges particularly terpene and
pyrrole-imidazole, alkaloids are the major antifouling
agents. In t he present investigation the 16
th
and 18
th
fraction of
Ag
and
Si
extracts showed the presence of
many compounds particularly, 3
-
hydroxytetradeca noic
acid, 2
-
methoxydecanoic acid. These compounds are
also very effective in inhibit the bacterial biofilm.
It is estimated that upto 80% of all microbial
infections are biofilm based (S towe et al., 2 011).
Biofilm infections of indwellinary medical devices are
particular concern since once the device is colonized,
infection is almost impotent to eliminate. The present
study exposes the potential of the bioactive compou-
nds in sponges to prevent microbial colonization in
medical implants. So furt her study is n eeded to find
out the mechanisms to s urface coat the metabolites
separated from sponges over medical devices before
implanting. This will save a lot of human life.
3
Conclusion
Different doses of the fraction of the sponges were
tested to find out thus efficacy to inhibit the growth of
bacteria inhabiting urinary catheter. Normally the
catheter inoculated bacteria are less re sponsive to