IJCCR 2013, Vol.3, No.3, 17
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19
Table 2 Clinical presentation of severe and uncomplicated vivax malaria
Symptoms and sign
SVM
UVM
p
value
(
n=60)
(
n=240)
General symptoms
Fever
60 (100.0%)
240 (100.0%)
<0.01
Intermittent
52 (86.6%)
225 (56.5%)
0.12
Tertian
38 (63.3%)
190 (79.2%)
0.14
Quotidian
14 (23.3%)
35 (14.6%)
<0.01
Continuous
8 (13.3%)
15 (6.3%)
<0.01
Non-febrile symptoms (along with fever)
Head ache
36 (60.0%)
160 (66.6%)
0.12
Vomiting/Nausea
28 (46.6%)
124 (51.7%)
<0.05
Abd. pain
10 (25.0%)
58 (24.3%)
0.15
Myalgia
35 (22.7%)
225 (32.2%)
0.11
Prostration
20 (33.3%)
14 (5.8%)
<0.01
Organ specific
CNS
Unconsciousness
14 (23.3%)
0
<0.001
Convulsion
2 (3.3%)
0
<0.001
Renal
Oliguria
7 (11.7%)
0
<0.001
Gastro intestinal
Jaundice
24 (40.0%)
0
<0.001
Abd. pain
10 (25.0%)
58 (34.3%)
<0.01
Hepatosplenomegaly
58 (96.6%)
215 (86.0%)
<0.05
Haematological
Bleeding
1 (1.7%)
0
<0.001
Anaemia
24 (40.0%)
0
<0.001
Thrombocytopenia
11 (18.3%)
0
<0.001
Pancytopenia
6 (10.0%)
0
<0.001
Table 3 Base line characteristics of the study population
Characteristics
SVM
UVM
p Value
(
n=60)
(
n=240)
Male *{n (%)}
39 (65.0)
166 (69.1%)
0.88
Age (mean)
36.8
±11.2
28.5
±8.5
<0.01
Mal severity score
6.7
±2.6
0
<0.001
Treatment interval (Days)
6.8
±2.8
3.2
±1.3
<0.05
Parasitic count (No./µL)
8 756.3
±256.3
4 300.7
±180.5
<0.001
Gametocyte count (No./µL)
170.8
±13.9
155.5
± 15.5
<0.01
Temp. (
o
F)
101.0
±3.8
104.6
±2.8
0.28
Pulse rate (no/mt.)
116.4
±13.7
110.2
±10.8
0.11
Mean BP (mm Hg.)
105.4
±8.9
109.8
±3.5
0.40
Resp.rate (no./mt)
37.5
±6.5
25.3
±5.2
<0.05
GCS
6.5
±2.2
10.9
±5.2
<0.05
Hb.(gm/dl)
7.4
±2.2
11.8
±3.5
<0.05
TLC (10
9
/
L)
7.8
±2.4
8.6
±1.2
0.12
Platelet (10
9
/
L)
90.8
± 80.5
180.7
±50.9
0.01
B. glucose (gm/dl)
90.4
±32.5
90.5
±12.5
0.14
S. Sodium (mEq/L)
121.8
±8.5
122.6
±4.5
0.21
S. potassium (mEq/L)
3.9
±1.1
3.8
±1.2
0.16
S. bilirubin (mg/dl)
7.9
±2.8
1.1
±2.7
<0.01
SGOT (IU/L)
61.8
±12.2
45.8
±10.2
<0.01
SGPT (IU/L)
63.8
±12.8
55.8
±9.8
<0.01
Alk. Phosphatase (IU/L)
128.9
±28.2
125.9
±19.2
0.11
Urine output (ml/24 hrs.)
808.8
±86.2
1 200.8
±89.7
<0.01
B. urea (mg/dl)
42.4
±21.9
22.2
±12.8
<0.01
S. creatinine (mg/dl)
4.2
±1.4
1.1
±0.3
<0.001
Note: * Comparison made using ?
2
test; Rest characteristics: Mean (standard deviation), comparison made using t test