Molecular Plant Breeding 2016, Vol.7, No.13, 1-11
1
Review Article
Open Access
Tissue Culture Technology is a Breeding Approach in Wheat: An Overview
Sofia Jabeen
1
, Ihsan Khaliq
1
, Jacques Togo
2
, Muhammad Sajjad
1
, Saif-ul-Malook
1,
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetic, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2 School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Jilin, China
Corresponding author Email:
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2016, Vol.7, No.13 doi:
Received: 01 Jan., 2016
Accepted: 12 Feb., 2016
Published: 07 Apr., 2016
Copyright © 2016
Sofia et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Jabeen S., Khaliq I., Togo J., Sajjad M., and Malook S.U., 2016, Tissue Culture Technology is a Breeding Approach in Wheat: An Overview, Molecular Plant
Breeding, 7(13): 1-11 (doi:
)
Abstract
Culturing of plant cells, tissues and organs in controlled and disinfected conditions which includes light intensity,
humidity and temperature is known as
“
Plant Tissue Culture
”
. From the past several years, regeneration of different plants under lab
conditions from different plant cells and tissues has been playing a very important role in examining plant genetics and their
physiology. This technique is known to help the plants in propagation and increases their soil’s agronomic performance. In this
review, we focus on the impact of plant tissue culture techniques in wheat crop, such as embryo culture, mature and immature
embryo culture, effect of media on callus induction and regeneration, media and genotype interaction on callus induction and
regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, correlation of agronomic trait on callus induction, and regeneration and somaclonal variations.
Keywords
Plant tissue culture; Wheat; Embryo culture; Somatic embryogenesis; Media culture
Introduction
The plant tissue culture includes various techniques used for callus induction, micropropagation, production of
secondary metabolites and preservation of plants. Plant tissue culture as a technique of growing explants isolated
from the mother plant is a suitable approach to prepare sufficient amount of plant materials within a short span of
time in large scale and enhance the natural levels of in vitro production of valuable compounds (Sung, 2006;
Pande et al., 2013). It has been also enabled to increase the knowledge in many areas of biology and molecular
plant breeding (Pande et al., 2013). The ability of Plant cells and their tissues to a best response in their tissue
culture medium and later on their developmental stages can be useful in Agriculture, Horticulture, Plant breeding,
Genetic Engineering and in Chemical Industry (Evans et al., 2003). It is great contribution of Plant Tissue Culture
in both Agriculture as well as in Ornamental plants. Gottlieb Haberlandt was the first person who became able to
culture and isolate different plant cells and tissues in the last phase of the 19th century (Bhojwani and Razdan,
2004).
1 Importance of Tissue Culture in Wheat
An undifferentiated mass of cells obtained during explant culture on different artificial nutrient mediums with
growth regulators is called callus. A chemical 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid is used for growth regulation
during development of callus in cereal tissue culture (naturally synthetic auxin). Naqvi et al. (2002) used 2,4-D
with Cytokinins for induction of callus in wheat plants (Mathias et al., 1986ab). It was shown that 2,4-D had
different impacts on all genotypes when different concentrations were used (Elwafa and Ismail, 1999).
Callogenesis and Organogenesis responses of tissue culture techniques in wheat plant usually depends upon its
genotypes, types of ex-plants, physiological status, geographical origin, culture mediums and their interactions
(Chen et al., 2006).
2 Role of Explants in In-vitro Regeneration
Callus initiation and regeneration of plantlets in wheat can be held by different types of explants.
1 Mature and immature embryos (Varshney et al., 1999).
