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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.22, 197-209
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
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transportation easily in a certain trip on a good season.
Bu using such a modern tecnology, they can also access
every single national events using their own mobile
phone, television, or radio. So, it is indicate that there
has an alleviation of center periphery relationship
among the islands, which is Karimunjawa island as the
center and the surrounding small islands as periphery.
From cultural side, the hegemony of Karimunjawa
island towards the surrounding small islands in their
capacity as periphery begin to get lose up. Recently
education access is become more developed. Modern
civilization of ‘wong pulau’ is symbolized by access to
schools, tv, internet, etc. Thus, economic access and
cultural emancipation can unleash the economical
domination and cultural hegemony in construction as
center-periphery relationship in Karimunjawa Islands.
It is clear that the development of modern
communication technology can further reduce the
dichotomous relationship between the Karimunjawa
island with small islands around it.
4 Conclusion
The community relationships among small islands in
Karimunjawa Islands of Indonesia were proven to
show a center-periphery pattern where the community
of Karimunjawa Island as center and the other
surrounding inhabited small islands like Kemujan,
Parang, Nyamuk dan Genting as periphery. The
center-periphery relationship pattern was constructed
and established strongly and acquired a justification
and legitimacy in accordance with existence of
economy and political domination of Karimunjawa
island. The small islands seems like under cooptation
and dependency. The political and economy domination
of Karimunjawa island on the other islands is even
seemed to create a cultural hegemony as reflected in
‘wong karimun’ and ‘wong pulau’ terminologies.
‘Wong karimun’ express superiority of central
community who has been more developed while the
term ‘wong pulau’ who is less developed, and inferior
among of periphery society . Therefore, in there is a
significant inequality in every aspects (economy,
politic, social and culture) between Karimunjawa
island as the center dan Kemujan, Parang, Nyamuk and
Genting islands as the periphery areas. This cooptation
and dependant condition of the periphery to the center,
show weaker indicator when the periphery has access
to the advancement of communication and information
technology, and transportation. Through these mediums
the periphery community of Kemujan, Parang,
Nyamuk and Genting islands could directly connected
with the outside world and community.
Center-periphery relationship pattern in Karimunjawa
Islands reflects implementation of Wallerstein’s World
System theory and dependency theory by Andre
Gunder Frank and Paul Baran. Nevertheless, it was not
believed as golden bridge to reach common progress
among center and periphery communities, so that it
will creates dependency and unequal progress. But it
was slightly different from the dependency theory
proposed by Andre Gunder Frank that dependency on
basis of inequality would inhibit development of
periphery community. The case in Karimunjawa
Islands shows that the theory will not be applicable
when periphery community tdepended on the center for
giving access of the advancement of communication,
information, and transportation technologies as the
medium to directly get connected with the outside
world community. In addition, the awareness of being
maritime ethnic living together in small archipelagos
creates integrative ethnicity relationship pattern which
break down of center-periphery pattern.
Author’s Contribution
The manuscript was compiled based on the results of the
national strategic research funded by Directorate General of
Higher Education of the Ministry of Education and Culture of
Indonesia 2013-2014. YR as team leader, who are majoring in
sociology, participate actively in the preparation of manuscripts.
Sociological studies performing pattern of relation between
center-periphery which is associated identification and mapping
ethnicity relationship in surrounded small islands of the
Karimunjawa islands. YR also formulated in preliminary part,
summary research, and abstract. ST conduct historical and
anthropological studies in Karimunjawa, examines the cultural
hegemony on pattern of relationship center periphery in the
Karimujawa as well as phenomenon of pattern relationship
reduction through role of advancement of information and
communication technology, especially in maritime transport
technology. NN participate actively in examining the issue of
geographical and historical context and lay out the paper. All
authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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