Basic HTML Version
International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.22, 197-209
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
204
especially those related to the dynamic tourism
industry only take place in Karimunjawa island, while
the surrounding islands remains as the periphery
although it become a tourism destination. Moreover, all
of economic infrastructures such as market, mini
market, and bank can only be found in Karimunjawa.
Velocity of money, goods and people is centered and
very massive development which will be economic
domination among the surrounded small islands.
Business opportunities in other islands will be even
more opened and thrived. From economic aspect, there
is a dependency of other small islands on Karimunjawa
island. It is stated by Frank as the unequal dependency
relationship which is tended to inhibit of development
and progress in periphery society (Valezuela &
Valezuela, 1981).
The dynamic economic development in Karimunjawa
can be understood in operation of capitalism system at
micro level. There are small to medium capitalists form
growing in the island that is emerge from inside and
outside of the islands. There is a small number of
capitalists (owners of capital) that has various
enterprises in order to obtain significant profits. The
profit then re-invested so that it is accumulated as the
result of capital. It is also continually added and
developed to make them more powerful as
entrepreneurs. This kind of economic activity pattern
represent capitalist system miniature (Marx in Boudon
& Cherkaoui, 2000). In addition as an effort to develop
their enterprise, the capitalists in Karimunjawa island
at micro level also appear to co-opt economic activity
of the surrounding smaller islands through personal
network of economic relationships.
3.3.3 Centre for government authority
Karimunjawa is a subdistrict in Jepara regency of
Central Java province, Indonesia. In reality, bureaucracy
formation has started from the Dutch colonial era. In
the late 19
th
century, the idea of establishment
Karimunjawa as center of government authority was
inspired by dynamic trading activity. Karimunjawa
became transit point for traders from other islands in
Indonesia even Chinese traders, while the pirates base
(Berg, 1992). This condition continued until
independence of Indonesia.
Karimunjawa island as village administration, then its
surrounding inhabited islands like Kemujan, Parang,
Nyamuk, and Genting Island held the status as the
hamlet of Karimunjawa village. Since 1962, Karimunjawa
was upgraded became sub-district that was in charge of
one village. Then the government considered to
facilitated transportation access to the two inhabited
island, i.e. Kemujan and Parang as preparation village.
Jepara government appointed two village chief of each
two village, since 1985 the two village held a direct
election to choose a village chief. Meanwhile at the
time, Nyamuk island administratively still merged with
Parang, and Ginting island administratively merged by
Karimunjawa island.
This government formation process shows how
politically Karimunjawa as village and island remains
as a center of political power and government
authority, while surrounding islands remains as
periphery. It is because of Karimunjawa as centre of
government both in its capacity as village and
sub-district. Therefore, there are some vertical and
horizontal institutions existed in Karimunjawa
especially after it has designated as The Karimunjawa
National Park. The Table 2 below shows number of
public infrastructure and government offices in
Karimunjawa island.
The displayed data clearly shows that several
government infrastructures in Karimunjawa island are
not exist in another islands. It is politically legitimate
Karimunjawa position as center of the small islands as
periphery. In addition, some infrastructures
particularly are only can be found in coastal areas and
remote islands such as port, harbor, transportation, etc.
However, government should give some attention to
villages or small islands among Karimunjawa islands
sub-district. In contrast, the centered government in
Karimunjawa village must perform a control and
power management to the four small islands.
3.3.4 Cultural hegemony
A. The economic process of cultural hegemony
Karimunjawa became the center for nearby surrounded
islands such as Kemojan, Parang, and Nyamuk which
can be addressed as peripheral islands. This can be
understood in the framework of its geographical and
historical context of Karimunjawa Islands. Even so, in
economic and political context Karimunjawa island
dominates the periphery. One of interesting issues is
about economic growth of Karimunjawa Islands which