Basic HTML Version
International Journal of Marine Science 2013, Vol.3, No.37, 295-305
http://ijms.sophiapublisher.com
302
Figure 5 Scanning electron micrographs of
Fasciospongia
cavernosa.
A) Broken junctions of spongin network exposing
the layers of spongin; B) Enlarged view of broken spongin
network engulfed by laminated silicon cement and C)
Amorphous laminated silicon material spread as a mesh or thin
membrane (circles indicate the appearance of sponge cells)
of the sponge tissue towards the spongin analysis,
certain sponge cells
appear in the section of
F.
cavernosa
(Figure 5 C). In
H. cribriformis
, the skeletal
network was characterized by typical spongin network
rather than free spongin fibers or collagen like
filaments, and the multi-junctional regions of the
network were overlapped with layers of silicon and
amorphous cuticular material (Figure 6).
H. cribriformis
contains fibrillar extensions at the terminal fragmented
portions in the skeletal network, indicating that,
silicon cementing around the spongin fibers is very
important in order to form the fibrillar extensions
throughout the skeleton of sponge body (Figure 6 C).
2.2 Biochemical analysis
All the results for macromolecular analysis are reported
Figure 6 Scanning electron micrographs of
Hyattella cribriformis.
A) Skeletal junctions filled with amorphous material; B) Sheets
of the collagenous and amorphous cuticular material disrupted at
the junctional regions of the skeletal network and C) Enlarged
view of broken skeletal network exposing the spongin fibrils and
the peeled off layer at the junctions
on freeze-dried weight basis (Table 3).
C. fibrosa
have
high
protein content (209.6±9.53 mg/g freeze dried
sponge wt) followed by
H. cribriformis
(162.72 ±8.90
mg/g)
than other experimental sponge species. It could
be a possible indication that the high protein content
dominated the other macromolecular content like
carbohydrates (pentoses and hexoses) and lipids in
these two sponges. It is very clear that sponge
D.
fragilis
has less protein content (57.26 ±3.36 mg/g)
when compared to other sponges. Regarding the
carbohydrate content, it is observed that
C. fibrosa
and
H. cribriformis
possess relatively high content of
pentose and hexose than the other two sponges.
Interestingly, although the pentose content is slightly
varied in both the species of
D. fragilis
and
F.
cavernosa
, the hexose content (9.6±0.5 mg/g) is
similar in each species. Similarly, total lipid content of
C. fibrosa
and
H. cribriformis
is proportionately
higher among the four experimental sponges (21.2 ±
1.1 and 19.5 ±0.9 mg/g, respectively).
Table 3 Macromolecular comparison of four marine demosponges
Sponge Species Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipid
Differential Collagen
Total Collagen
Hexose
Pentose
SS
AS
Ins
C. fibrosa
14.9±0.7
24.1±1.2
209.6 ±9.5 21.2 ±1.1
29.7±1.4
27.8±1.3
37.9±2.8 160.2±8.0
D. fragilis
9.6 ±0.5
15.8±0.8
57.3 ±3.4 10.2 ±0.7
16.5±0.8
17.8±0.9
34.8±1.7 44.8±2.2
F. cavernosa
9.6 ±0.5
16.1± 0.8
101.6±5.1 16.4±0.8
18.2±0.9
14.8±0.7
42.8±2.1 80.2±4.0
H. cribriformis
13.5±0.7
24.9±1.3
156.4 ±7.8 19.5 ±0.9
19.0±1.1
17.8±0.9
35.0±1.8 127.7±6.4
Note: All the data expressed as Mean ± SE of each biochemical component in mg / g
freeze-dried sponge
wt